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李俊花没去内蒙古大草原前对这片土地感觉是很佰生和神秘的，两年的工作和生活后渐渐地喜爱上了这里的蓝天、白云、黄沙和绿草，喜欢上了这里的人和风俗。 在两年中我几乎走遍了所在的克什克腾旗的每一个景区，内蒙古大草原的美让人流连忘返。 在这里只是将我第二次乌兰布统草原之行的游记展现给大家，让我带大家与我一起再次欣赏一次内蒙高原的蓝天白云、花草树木、山川河流和骏马美女。 先上一组图片，吸引一下你的眼球。 乌兰布统（蒙语：红色的山的意思）草原位于克什克腾旗最南端， 与河北围场县的赛罕坝林场隔河相望，距北京只有300多公里。乌兰布统是清朝木兰围场的一部分，因康熙皇帝指挥清军大战噶尔丹而著称于世，更以其迷人的欧式草原风光，成为中外闻名的影视外景基地。这里属丘陵与平原交错地带，森林和草原有机结合，既具有南方优雅秀丽的阴柔，又具有北方粗犷雄浑的阳刚，兼具南秀北雄之美。四季皆宜，处处皆景，是摄影之乡、天然画廊、露天影棚。 注：画面中间的小山就是红山。 乌兰布统草原处于丘陵与平原交错地带，呈现出与其它草原完全不同的特色，以其迷人的欧式草原风光，成为闻名的影视外景基地。 这里的草原有四个显著特点： 一是森林草原结合。这里是森林和草原有机结合，既具有 南方优雅秀丽的阴柔，又具有北方粗犷雄浑的阳刚，兼具南秀北雄之美。 二是草甸子广阔。虽不是一望无际，但置身此地，我们必会感触到“天似穹庐，笼盖四野。天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊”北朝民歌的意境。 三是“百花草甸”景观。影视基地一带的草甸，每到夏季，草原上一片生机，百花盛开，10余天换一茬花种。您这次来是黄色，过十余天再来也许就是粉色、红色……。每一茬总以领衔花种为主色调，其余各色陪衬其间。有名的、没名的，千姿百态，万紫千红，在大甸子和山坡上编织出一块块的五彩缤纷的地毯，聚成一朵朵扑朔迷离的彩云。蓝天、白云、青山、碧水衬托着喧闹的百花世界，勾勒出一幅幅绚丽多姿的欧式油画。 四是桦林景观。最鲜明的特征是疏密相间，疏可驰马，密不通风。草甸边缘的漫坡，有的地段长满了桦树，大片的桦林密不通风。钻进去，枝叶遮云蔽日，不知道林子有多大。有的地段桦树稀稀疏疏，有单棵的，有三五一簇的，有几十棵成丛的，美不胜收。加上这里的地形富于变化，有草场，有湿地，有峡谷，有山丘。早晚太阳斜照，逆光将一道道山梁打出了高光轮廓线，明暗反差渲染了大环境的朦胧美，构成了一幅幅古希腊油画。 以上四大特色，每年都吸引了数以万计的艺术家到这里采风、创作。摄影家称这里是摄影之乡，创作基地，是历届大赛大展获奖及优秀作品的高产园地。美术家称这里是油画临摩的范本，天然画廊。影视家称这里是露天影棚。据不完全统计，近10年，在这里摄制了60余部影视剧。其中《还珠格格》、《康熙王朝》、《射雕英雄传》、《汉武大帝》、《三国演义》等10余部大片的大部分场景都是在这里拍摄的，到这里拍摄部分镜头的影视及广告、专片更是不计其数。在这里你可以跃马草原感受驰骋疆场的快感，还可以只识弯弓射大雕，骑一骑四轮摩托，都很不错。最值得一提的是在这里还可以体验到急速滑行，尘土飞扬的快感，在军马场北走四公里小红山村的后山上有一处大型滑沙场，占地百余亩，沙坡长一百多米，坡斜六十度，有栈道上山，可同时容纳百余人。而且价格便宜，是乌兰布统之行值得一玩的地方。 乌兰布统草原地理位置在内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗的最南边。 如果您驾车，从北京出发走承德线只需4个小时就能到达；赤峰每天都有往返北京、大连、沈阳、哈尔滨的火车，从赤峰汽车站乘到克旗经棚镇的长途汽车，在克旗汽车站可乘到乌兰布统旅游开发区的车前往乌兰布统景区。在这里我跟供一张北京到乌兰布统的最近路线图（全程300公里），不过中间过河北围场子的塞罕坝森林公园。 乌兰布统旅游开发区现辟有乌兰布统古战场、影视外景地、五彩山、 象群山、夹皮沟等8个旅游景区。 前面乌兰布统草原和概况和交通简要介绍完了，下面就是我与朋友们自驾一日乌兰布统草原的主要路线。 由于我们工作、生活在克什克腾的经棚镇以西的浑善达克沙漠腹地，我们首先驱车70公里走呼海大通道到达经棚镇（不进镇），然后右走西拉沐伦河大峡谷的经山线行驶52 公里后，向右转进入经乌线66.5公里，到达乌兰布统，全程约120公里。 全部行程和景区内行程如如图中箭头所示。主要游览地点西拉沐伦大峡谷、蛤蟆坝、桦木沟、红山、百草敖包、影视基地、跑马场等等（呵呵！有些是在车上观光的）。 下面就是流水帐式的游记了。 有些相片是在车上抓拍的有车窗玻璃反光块，为保持相片的真实性，我就不进行PS处理了。******************************************************************************************************* 从工作和生活营地沿呼海大通道东行来到必如河大桥上，桥下就是北南流向的必如河，远处就是克什克腾旗政府所在地经棚镇。 经棚镇北靠气势雄伟的大兴安岭，南临奔流不息的西拉沐沦河，坐落在必如河两岸平坦的山间低地上，海拔为1005－1040米。经棚镇蒙语称为“必如浩特”，由于蒙语“必如”汉语译为“二岁半”， 故经棚镇也有“半城”之称。经棚镇三面环山，由必如河分成河西、河东两部分，南靠“字山”，山上有藏文“阿弥陀佛”石砌大字，所以得名。西有敖包山，新旧两座大桥将河东、河西两部分街区连接为一体（敬请关注：我会有专门的游记贴子介绍经棚）。 过了必如河大桥到三岔路口，有牌示右转路至乌兰布统120公里（没有拍相片）。车进入西拉沐伦河大峡谷，两侧的山峦起伏，西拉沐伦河伴车南行。 下面就是西拉沐伦河。 西拉木伦河，蒙古语，意为黄色的河。西辽河北源。发源于大兴安岭山地赤峰市克什克腾旗红山北麓白槽沟。古称潢水、乐水、吐护真水等。全长380公里，流域面积32171平方公里，全河总落差1134米，通行舟楫河道800余里。《吕氏春秋》、《淮南子》把它列为“中国六大川”之一，郦道元在《水经注》中也对它有过记载。 峡谷中的村庄。 西拉沐伦河床中植被茂盛，河流弯弯曲曲，很有情调！！ ([]
中文字幕在线久久
叶素菱十五天游历了欧洲大小十国。荷兰—— 比利时—— 法国—— 卢森堡—— 德国—— 瑞士—— 列支敦士登—— 奥地利—— 意大利—— 梵蒂冈。哈哈，我自己都感到迷惑，十个国家十四个城市。阿姆斯特丹、布鲁塞尔、巴黎、卢森堡、法兰克福、（海德堡）、琉森、列支敦士登、慕尼黑、菌斯布鲁克、威尼斯、罗马、梵蒂冈、佛罗伦萨、米兰。走马观花，浮光掠影，除了三飞，汽车行程四千多公里。城市的繁荣我无动于衷，悠久历史留下的艺术作品，人文景观让人震撼。但对我来讲，收获最大的还是这四千多公里，让我饱尝眼福，见识了欧洲超美丽的自然风光。还是那句话，风景在路上。原以为，只有高原才有的兰天白云，在欧洲天天见到。在川藏南线左贡到芒康的“卡均”，草甸、牧场、森林，美不胜收，殊不知这种风光在瑞士沿途尽是，好几天都车行在无限的美景中。这次旅行我最大的收益是这4000多平里。虽然同车40人都在行走，可认真关注窗外的人只有我。大巴车一路奔驰，再好的风景也不会停车。加之团员们上车就关好窗帘睡觉，我睁大眼睛也无法看到前面，风景一闪而过，非常遗憾，错失了很多美景。本来摄影技术有限；加上密封窗，头手伸不出去；到景点时间非常有限；挤在人缝中拍照；像机不专业，没有三角架；这次照片质量不好，许多都歪歪斜斜，删掉了1/3的照片，心痛啊，不可复制。看过哈总欧洲的照片，差别太大了。作为辛勤劳动的回报，还是想与大家分享，鼓起勇气，发贴，谢谢大家浏览。 十五天走了太多的地方，脑子里很混乱，几千张照片还需分门别类，慢慢上贴。也许地点与照片不符，请指正，谢谢。(上图为巴黎艾菲尔铁塔，下图为瑞士琉森的廓桥) 阿姆斯特丹 —— 美好与罪恶并存的城市 阿姆斯特丹，荷兰的首都，荷兰最大的城市和第二大港口，人口约71万，阿姆斯特丹是座水城，河网交错，河道纵横，被称作为“北方威尼斯”。提起阿姆斯特丹，就想到了：风车、乳酪、钻石、木鞋、喜力啤酒、郁金香、雏菊花海，春天里的阿姆斯特丹更是花的海洋。阿姆斯特丹的早晨 这里街道很干净，人、车很很少。在欧洲都是有轨电车，人们都骑自行车，市内停放自行车的地方很特别。 停放自行车的"高架桥"; 街景 环绕阿姆斯特丹的运河 兰色、红色、绿色的各式小楼房，可爱极了。这里曾有个古老奇怪的法律，门越大交税越多。所以阿姆斯特丹住房的门都很小，而窗很大，家具都是从窗口吊运进去的。所有的楼房顶部都有数个伸出的铁钩子，以固定吊运物品所用的绳索。 正当我们在鲜花盛开的房前拍照，窗口出现了一位老人，慈眉善目的向我们招手微笑，还与我们合照。 正当欧洲杯，到处挂满了足球、花环、小旗，十分热闹。 刚进入阿姆斯特丹，我非常喜欢这个古老、宁静、花团锦簇的城市，可到了红灯区，听到看到后，感觉十分厌恶。这是个美好与罪恶并存的地方，糜艳奔放的红灯区丹拉克大街，橱窗女郎，性博物馆，把性、性交赤裸裸的表现出来了，让人毛骨悚然。在荷兰，榜“自由开放”的法律，使得“合法的性交易”、“合法的大麻贩卖”得到保障，它也是世界上第一个使同性恋婚姻合法化的国家。在这里，可以公开吸大麻 ； 妓女有营业执照、执证上岗；可以光明正大的嫖娼。 性博物馆我们没有参观，丹拉克大街也是清早去的，让女人亲眼目睹那些……，会有些难堪，也许对男人更有诱惑力。这里的红灯区在欧洲是最著名的，比泰国的红灯区“极别高”，许多男人专门为此到阿姆斯特丹。（网络也许不让上这些照片，上一张组照吧） 谢谢所有关注及留言的朋友们。发贴时还忐忑不安，摄影水平太低，与哈总的照片相比差距太大了。你们给了我信心，";本色出演" 哈，我也再返走一趟欧洲。4000多公里，路景太美了。我每天睁大眼睛，贪婪地注视着窗外，拍下这些照片，质量不太好，但是真实的欧洲自然风光。不好意思，拙品。因为旅行，工作积累太多，照片也多，只有慢慢上，请原谅。 在距阿姆斯特丹10公里的桑斯安斯风车村，是个美丽宁静的乡村。保留了三座木制风车，还有十几座荷兰风格的木建筑。当和煦的春风吹动着屹立了几百年的风车时，我想起了“堂吉诃德”手持长矛与风车的博斗。可别小看这个美丽而宁静的小乡村，彼得大帝曾经在这里学习过造船，拿破仑也曾赞美过这里的美景。当然，也是旅游团必到之地。 小树被立型成了这样 荷兰造型朴拙的木鞋，世界闻名。木鞋起源于数百年前，由于荷兰低地雨水多，户外工作的人们都会穿上木鞋，既可保暖又可保持干爽。五光十色的各式木鞋挂满了商店，旅游的人都会买些各式木鞋装饰品作为礼物送人。这是从古到今的朩鞋，刚开始没有颜色现今五光十色的各式木鞋 每个进入风车村的人，都会被拍照。打印后放在门口，10欧拿走。 网络资料 沃伦丹也称福伦丹，离阿姆斯特丹约20公里的车程，是艾瑟湖边一个小渔村。从前，当艾瑟湖还是个海湾的时候，这里的人们都是以打鱼为生。后来荷兰人为抵挡洪水，在北面建起了拦海大堤，海湾也变成了现在的艾瑟湖。打鱼的人渐渐少了，蜂拥而至的游人使这里成为荷兰北部的一个旅游镇,它也是到阿姆斯特丹旅客顺道游的必经之地。称它为奇迹小镇是因为，沃伦丹是围海造出来的小镇。这里风光秀丽，湖水宁谧，阿姆斯特丹人周末会来度假，也有很多城里人到这里买房子。 ([]
暗暗射—国产
王士杰2013年将成为终生纪念的一年。经历了去年的谷底沉沦，在新年的晨光中，我向宇宙发愿：我要盛开，为来这一世的生命。神奇开始在我身边发生：想清明出去玩，最后一天最后一个被的组织收留；想被拍几张美照，便有摄影师举着长枪出现在对面。连清晨跑步时心里哼的歌，都会从转弯的小店里传出同一段曲调。5月初的一天，偶然在群里撞见新疆博格达雪山的照片，即使在这一刻，它依然深深吸引着我，如同初见。 当机缘来临，生命中激起闪亮的光环，你需要平日里积攒的勇气，跳起来抓住它，坚持做自己。发片的是Jack，一位细心、负责、心怀美景的不喜欢做头儿的头驴，他准备安排自己端午节独自去博格达。小碗：“我想去博格达。”Jack：“这个线路不适合你。”小碗：“你说了不算，你又不是这个活动的领队。”Jack：“……”。以沉默拒绝，人家本来就想独享这场雪山盛宴，他还是把8264招集贴链接给了我。兴奋地看了贴子报了名,管他批不批，先开始体能训练。一直嘴上很喜欢运动却不常行动的我，始无前例地主动积极，上午就完成了买健身卡、报名等手续，还制定了准备计划：早上跑步、下午游泳、周末参加浦东徒步，其它时间都在购置装备。虽然我的人生第一次重装徒步离真正成行还重重困难，运动我总是喜欢的。它让我感受到五脏六腑四肢肌体的伸缩与渗透，运动本身就是件快乐的事情。报名一直未批。十天后夜晚，接到新疆领队零的电话。零：“身高、体重”小碗：“***、**”（自知长得像豆芽菜，心里凉了半截）零：“瘦的反而体力好（我的小心脏啊），你们家住几楼？”小碗：“一楼和二楼”（是不是太矮了？要考验从高楼往下飞降的功夫？脑子里浮现的是黑衣帅哥双手把住绳子从高耸的楼顶跳跃式滑落的电影场景）零：“你周围有没有高楼，爬30楼，考验时间7分钟。”小碗：“还下来不？”零：“只计算爬上去的。”（估计零队想：这个不知天高地厚的）第二天清早来到小区最高一幢楼22楼，我计算着：爬到22楼，停秒表，乘电梯下到14楼，开秒表，再爬到22楼。带着芮克式呼吸开始起步，调整节奏，步长，放松充能……时间4’27（哈哈哈），大腿的酸胀感走到家里时已基本消失，为自己的体力感到惊喜。迫不及待地把这个好消息告诉零队，收到回复：“你比我还快！”暗自窃喜，以为大功告成，还没等到喜上眉梢，第二天一早收到零的QQ。零：听说你是坐电梯上去的！（表情：发怒）小碗：谁说的？（表情：发发怒）零：Jack小碗：我要和他PK，时间：随时随地；地点：金茂大厦。Jack一如往常冷静地回复了我：爬楼梯这个测试不好，要测就测跑10公里，1小时内跑完算你合格。不管领队答没答应，你得按照这个准去储备身体能力才行。你要对自己负责。 沸腾了两周的空气开始冷却下来，面前这个七级重装高海拔徒步的含义显出端倪。高海拔：意味着我可能高反，头痛、胸闷、乏力，缺氧使人四肢无力、步履艰难。重装：背60L大包，15公斤以内。七级路线：新疆小羊军团线路级别划分为3-9级。本次全程55公里左右，每天行进约15公里，登上碎石达板，脚下的碎石和巨石，随时可能伤害你的脚。冰川路况很差，北坡冰川有许多暗藏的冰裂缝，非常危险。眼前的我，从未去过高海拔，平时拎手提包都嫌重，下盘不稳，爬杭州北高峰跟不上的倒数第二名。我去了可能会拖团队的后腿，因为等我延误时间到达营地；还有可能体力不支而下撤，队友送我回程而无法继续向前进；还可能走不动让队友分担背包，增加他人的负担；还可能需要队友的照顾，让他人无法完整享受徒步的乐趣。“我去了会是个负担”——一股强烈的窒息感扑面而来，直接掉进小时候被父母当作“负担”的痛苦记忆中。一直以来，我在团队中很难找到价值感，这一次我也不知道能为他人做什么。低自我价值感让我退缩，不想为满足自己，影响一行人雪山追梦的愿望。我提出放弃。Jack如是说：我感动于你们为了目那份坚持和努力，去博格达雪山是你们的梦想，我不能决定你们能不能去，但不管你们通过没通过，我始终不会把你们当作负担，始终做好了你们会同行的思想准备。第一次高海拔重装徒步献给博格达，是我的幸运；同时接纳两个第一次高海拔重装徒步新驴同行的人，拥有非凡的勇气。博格达，我们来了！ 第一天，儿童公园→三个山村→水闸→1号羊圈→大石头→2号羊圈，当日行程1.5小时，4公里，攀升400米 15：00乌鲁木齐市儿童公园集合，领队零、协作火星和石榴籽、各地驴友，浩浩荡荡23人的队伍乘着大巴出发了。大伙不加掩饰地兴奋着，自我介绍时每个人脸上闪烁着窗外太阳般的光彩。4小时后我们换乘了这辆大卡车。 那场面简直像是激情燃烧的岁月，众人如同胸前戴着大红花参军的新兵，朝气蓬勃、身姿矫健翻上卡车。一路颠簸，一路欢腾，一刹车，便像塔米诺骨牌般倒成一串。两旁寂寞的村庄，无聊的尘土也被我们的欢乐激得漫天飞扬。 2小时后到达目的地1号羊圈。下了车，背起包，感到有些沉。心情开始紧张，真正的考验开始了。刚走了一小段，就感到呼吸困难，继续走，觉得气不够，腿累。越走越觉得吸气不够，紧张在身体里蔓延，停下来，深深地呼吸，走两步仍然气喘得厉害。还要表现镇定，生怕让旁边的人看出来。这才刚走几步，我就走不动了啊……高反？怎么办？偷偷回头往山下看，车早就回去了，我也不可能走得回去呀。一瞬间，恐慌升起欲哭无泪。硬着头皮往前走，从四步一呼吸，调整为三步，二步、一步。半小时后，呼吸逐渐恢复正常，脑子里想起来之前听说，第一天晚到营地1小时的要劝退。于是，大跨步往前走，只为证明自己是可以的，与先头部队一起到达营地。蹦蹦跳跳地跑到零队面前说：“这下你放心了吧。”零不语，皱着黑黑的眉头看着我，后几天无限印证了这一眼包含的意义深邃经验独道。 帐篷散落在山谷中，像盛开的花。夜幕时分，各式锅、炉、刀、筷铺开一地，油、盐、酱、料样样齐全，大厨骆驼、火星、么么鱼、也曾，二厨零、夏花、不离不弃、数钱粉等等墨登场。厨房能力发育不全的我在一旁欣赏着他们的专注和喜悦，好奇地问着这个是什么那个干什么用。菜品丰富得超出想象：蒜苔火腿、五香磨菇、青椒牛肉、番茄炒蛋、蒜香卷心菜、粽子、蜜豆甜品、香肠煲饭……至少漏写10样。火星背的西瓜展示了他强壮的体魄，石榴籽掏出的山竹让人大吃一惊，这么皮重心少的水果也可以背上来？！一切可口美味！尽情享受着美食的我一时忘记了馕中羞涩。临行前零队一再强调食物要减负，说自己只带面条和馕，我信以为真，也算顺水推舟，想少背一点保持体力。所背的食物清单：PowerBar能量棒（不顶饿，但天天行军没感到腰酸背痛，不知与它是否有关？）PowerBar能量胶（又甜又腻，作用不大）Nuun电解质泡腾片（这个东东维持我的嘴第4天才开始起泡）葡萄糖（它每天和泡腾片、热水一起伴我度过困难时光）蛋白粉（强烈推荐，如果没有它日子更不好过）巧克力（可可含量75%以上有用）糖果（回上海发现包里剩下一堆）速食汤（用来煮面条的次选，首选当然是咸菜、白菜和西红柿）胶原蛋白粉（如果你和我一样爱美，必带）再加上与上海同行JACK、海宝在匆忙中购买的馕、面条、苹果4个、黄瓜、鹿肉罐头，这些是4天我们三个人的全部食物：早餐煮泡馕、午餐能量棒、晚餐速食汤煮面。近处传来整整肉香，促使化缘成为每顿饭的必修功课。化缘的大部分工作落在JACK身上，看着他一次次把食物分给我和海宝，从未抱怨。其中酸楚，不堪回首。 吃饭时最爱听到骆驼温软的声音：“小碗，来坐这里”。赶紧拿碗，排排吃菜。喜欢接过夏花递来的火腿；石榴籽的粽子；瑛子称自己喝不完的麦片；火星让我尝一尝的新菜……还有许多看到我矜持地站在一旁主动伸出的手。泪流满面。晚餐一直延续到星星铺满夜空，像不散的宴席。众人把酒高歌，清雪起舞助兴，朋友一生一起走，一句话，一辈子，一生情，一杯酒。 第二天，2号羊圈→4号羊圈→三个岔瀑布→1号冰湖→碎石达板→2号冰湖→登山大本营。当日行程15公里，攀升900米。新疆辖三山夹两盆（昆仑山脉、天山山脉、阿勒泰山脉、塔里木盆地、准葛尔盆地）地域宽广，地形地貌种类繁多，徒步资源异常丰富。五月底至七月初，是新疆2000-3000米的春季，届时万物复苏、草木兴盛，鲜花草地羊群遍布山野，可以体验在荒漠草原、高山草原、高山荒漠带、沼泽湿地、高原草甸、雪岭云杉森林、冰湖、冰川、瀑布、碎石达坂、卵石河床………徒步的盛景。 徒步不是目的，是一种生活。这一点像禅。碎石达板的石头每一块都是不一样的，牢固与松动随时可能发生变化。此时你听不到四周的声音，那跟自己无关；看不到周边的景物，景物也跟自己无关。你只与身体、呼吸和脚下这一块石头同在。当你停下来，抬起头，世界就在你的眼前。 沿途各式奇特的地貌植被，起伏的山脊、紫色的石头、独特的小花吸引着你。如果一路走一路看风景，可能将失去充足的时间去领略最壮观的景致。学习放弃，同时认为我值得拥有。懂得区分二者，是我当下的功课。上天慈悲眷顾让我拥有美、智慧、爱与被爱、自由、健康、快乐、富足。合十感恩。 如果你心里一直掂记着追赶前人的脚步，或者达到目，不妨也可以尝试按照自己的节奏走，在自己生命道路上划出独特的志，没有对错，不做比较。这一段走在前面的人，或许下一段走在后面。也许，他走在前面只想体验追风的畅快，落在后面是留念与山峰的对望。向前走，休息时别忘记回头，你走过的路就是绝美的风景。 照片虽然很美，远不及你眼睛看到1号冰湖。“其形也，翩若惊鸿，婉若游龙，荣曜秋菊，华茂春松。仿佛兮若轻云之蔽月，飘飘兮若流风之回雪。”左边的雪山像一位守护将军，忠诚而痴情地保护着她。 博格达是个很年青的神，唇红齿白，英俊潇洒。他看着我，我望着他，他说：“我爱你”。欣喜若狂。 博格达峰海拔高度虽然并不惊人，但登山难度绝非寻常。在主峰的东西，分别排列着7座5000米以上的高峰。博格达峰山体陡峭，西坡与南坡坡度达70—80度，只有东北坡坡度稍缓，因此，该峰虽然在1980年以前就有英国和前苏联登山队前来攀登，但直到1981年6月9日，才由日本京都队11人开创登顶纪录。博格达峰是由3个峰尖紧依并立而成，终年冰雪皑皑，世称“雪海"。登山大本营建在博格达峰的脚下海拔3580米处，三位香港登山者和日本登山者白水小姐的墓就在这里。扎好帐篷，吃完饭，令人头痛的问又来了。昨晚就一夜没睡着，睁着眼睛不如闭着眼睛，数完绵羊数星星；想做深呼吸放松，怕声音太大惊扰旁人；想出去跑两步，担心冷而且动静更大。睡不着还不敢动，日子真不好过。刚打个盹儿，神经像一条被人拽着的线，忽地一拉又清醒过来。反反复复。今晚要是再睡不着的话，明天肯定没体力走路了。焦虑啊……焦虑啊……想办法啊……想办法啊，最后鼓足勇气拉同伴陪我聊天，聊到睡着为止，最后话都说不动了，还是睡不着。 第三天，登山大本营→简单达板4150米→最近距离接近博格达主峰→北坡冰川→3号冰湖。当日行程15公里，攀升600米，下降950米。清早，忽然下起了雪粒，沙沙地从灰朦朦的天空上倾盆而下，一会子功夫就妆扮我们的帐篷。刚拔营，又来一场雨，冲锋衣袖子没挺多久就感到潮湿，这次因为准备工作太多没时间换件新装备，幸而雨停了，不然后果难以想象。 出发前集体聚餐会上，零队语重心长地说：“考核你们的体能，有些人被我拒绝不让他来，是觉得山友来一趟不容易，我们来博格达不是为了一路傻走，你走完之后还要有精力欣赏风景。”这段话一路体会深刻。休息的时光是珍贵的，对我这个走慢的人更算忙碌：休息、补给、整理、拍照、社交，常常顾这头顾不了那头。因为会走在队伍后面，到了休息点，队伍已经差不多开拔。这个苹果每到休息时我就掏出来啃，要吃整整一天，是重要的VC和纤维素的补给。我的包确定是全队最轻的。每当GG们不经意地帮忙拎起来，便会大呼：这是谁的包，这么轻。我立刻出现在他面前，食指挡嘴“嘘……”，相视一笑，心照不宣。即便如此，我一蹲下便会被大包牵引得自然往后倒，每每一小摔还需要整力气让自己重新站坐起来。非常钦佩瑛子、三千小时、清雪背着帐篷大单反走完全程。增肥成为我的渴望。 博格达峰。其海拔5445米，坐落在东经88.3度，北纬43.8度，属新疆阜康境内。在天山的诸多主峰之中，博格达并非最高，其海拔高度也仅能排名第三，然而它的名气却远在诸峰之上。博格达峰长期以来，在西部各民族的心目中，博格达是最富有神性的山峰，它一直被人们视为神灵之宅、紫气之源而加以膜拜。博格达一词就是出自蒙语，“神之居所”之意，一说为“香雪海”之意。 今天的路最艰苦，但也是最壮观、最精彩的一天，最近距离接近博格达主峰。看到高高的简单达板时，我已经走累了。零队全副武装拿着冰镐在前面探路，打开隐藏的深不见底的冰裂缝。数钱、翅膀与他绑在一根绳子上保护安全。我们沿着脚印深一步浅一步在雪地里往前走。坡度很陡，雪地很滑，好几次滑得站不住，幸好骆驼帮我顶住脚，才没有像其它队员那样滚出好几米。雪山丫口的风光甚好，但没有人在那里留停。风太大，衣服也汗湿了，直接往下坡走。 前方是看不见尽头的冰川。疲惫不堪的我挪动着双腿，冰层的厚薄随时都在变化，一步踩在冰上，一步踩在冰水里。大脑一片空白，身上很冷很冷，心感到冰凉，反应麻木，坐在冰川中间，感觉不到休息。Jack说：“我可以帮你背包走10米。”这句话让我明白大家都累了，必须靠自己走下去。身上又有了一点儿劲，站起来背着包继续往前走。眼前白灰茫茫的天地，隐隐约约看见一个橙色的身影站在不远的地方，走近了，橙色往前移动几米；再走近，它继续移动。它就是我的目，往前走只为能走到它那里。我不知道营地在哪里，只知道走到橙色的地方一定能到达营地。海宝哥停下来想陪我，Jack让他先到达营地，不能两个都倒下。冰川的后面是碎石大坡，呼吸非常细弱，眼睛只能看清前面一二米的地方，所有精神都集中在脚下的这一块石头上。我明白，如果这时候踩不稳崴脚，或者摔下去，对自己对队伍都是危险的。Jack仍然站在不近不远的地方，一直没有讲话。辩析声音对我来说是分神的举动，我需要全然专注在自己身上。火星过来说：“你把包放下，我回来背”。Jack谢绝了，事后他说这样做是为了成全我。我不能给火星添这么大负担，倒回来背包再走回去。Jack的好意我心领神会。营地在3号冰湖旁，到达时又开始全身发冷。天空下起大雨，木然不知的我地坐石头上等帐篷搭起，连去零队那里取葡萄糖水的力气也没有了。一头扎进帐篷，穿着羽絨服裹着两床睡袋还觉得背脊冰凉。朦胧中被人扶起喝了一杯东西，睡过去。不知多久，又被扶起喂了几口面。隐隐约约听到有人说：“你和海宝哥从来没受过这种苦”。这声音像从天上传出来的，他的身体已很疲惫，还掂记我们的苦，温暖、细心地照顾着同伴们。很感动。这一晚睡得很好。 第四天，3号冰湖→4号冰湖→小草原→绝望坡→白杨河沟口。当日行程20公里，下降1700米。雨过天晴，重获新生。清晨，看着海宝哥生龙活虎地从帐篷里钻出来，大声地说：“幸亏昨天Jack给我灌的药，马上就睡着，不然就完蛋了”。大家无恙，真开心，三个人吃着馕也觉得香甜。 出山的路很奇丽，经过了仙境般的湖泊，走过了“一脚踩到15朵花”的草原，旁边的峡谷奔腾咆哮着河流，挚爱的森林流过潺潺小溪。连最后把我走趴下的哈萨克人村庄也是美的。火星还是实现了帮我背包的愿望，他的话给我很大鼓励：“我知道你是可以背着包走完全程的，只是我希望快一点才帮你背包的。如果没有这一点，我会让你自己走下去。”石榴籽一路用她那娇滴滴的娃娃音坚强地陪伴我走完最后一段，“转弯就到”是她说得最多的话。终于，看见树下那群熟悉的身影们，跨进终点一刹那多么想倒进一个坚实而温暖的拥抱中，可惜没有人给我，此行唯一遗憾，大伙儿下次记得补上哈。 欢呼……庆祝……车厢变成移动的Party场。语言在此时显得馈乏。我当时低着头在做什么？为什么没有站起来欢呼？如果上天再给我一次机会，我要坐到椅子的靠背上，扬起那晒红的脸蛋，高举着长脖子酒瓶，跟每个人碰击，狠狠地吹一瓶。白色的天山山脉依恋在车窗外，连绵不绝。零队说：“看，你们凭着自己的毅力走过那一片山。”自豪感顿时贯满全身。 我在旅途中没有带相机，只是用心去感受。所有照片均来自于整个团队的摄影师们，包括史瑞克和清雪的游记中。一路共渡生命历程，相互鼓励，分享喜乐的XDJM们，千言万语。 直到现在，我都不知觉自己去过那片西域仙境，但是我的确到了那里，看见了世界的另一面。做自己，可能会让你经历跌宕起伏怀疑不安。回头看，你终将为自己能做成的事感到骄傲！ 我来了，如同从未来过。 我爱你，如同没有爱过。 泪珠儿变成雪花伏在你的身上， 你的雄伟与俊秀不因它而更美，或丑陋。 鸟儿飞过天空不会留下痕迹， 连惊鸿一瞥都随风带走。 我存在于我的生命里， 奇峰幻景已化作呼吸相伴。 前世有约， 相遇便好。 （ 全文完）([]
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黄介桂终于下决心开贴了，这次旅行回来已经一年多了，最近事情比较多，自己也对码字很头疼，今天浏览一番去年的旅游照片，再不写点东西，有些事情的细节可能就会遗忘了。 喜欢旅游的人，对欧洲是很向往的，10多年之前已经去过二次，一次是单位的福利，走马观花的15天10多个国家，稀里糊涂的就结束了旅行。第二次是陪老妈跟旅行团去的，摆脱不了上车睡觉，下车尿尿，景区拍照，回来啥也不知道的结局。现在岁数大了，有时间国内国外的到处走走看看，这几年也走过不少地方，感觉欧洲还是值得再次深度旅游。 要想玩的好，那绝对不能跟旅游团，自己去的话，行程安排就是个头疼的事情，欧洲那么大，几乎每个角落都有可看可玩的地方，放弃任何地方都是可惜的事，一次玩遍欧洲的话，是件很费力的大事。对着地图研究了很长时间，分两次玩遍欧洲是最好的选择，一次是从最南边的土耳其开始，一路北下，贯穿欧洲到最北边的北极圈。一次是以欧洲中部为主由东到西的环游，每次时间计划在60天左右。 游遍欧洲的旅游计划行程确定好了，让老婆选择先行路线，最后确定先走环游欧洲路线，交通工具是在德国法兰克福租车自驾。 路线确定下来，下面就是证买机票订旅店和租车，这些事情，有很多贴写的很详细，我就不再啰嗦，值得重点说的是，我们去欧洲的机票是北京经俄罗斯中转到法兰克福，已经到了俄罗斯了，为何不办一个俄罗斯过境，顺道去俄罗斯玩一次。申请德证完成后，又成功申请了俄罗斯二次过境证，每次不超过72小时。最后的行程是这样的： 北京出发,法兰克福进出，飞机在莫斯科经停,顺路先去俄罗斯的圣彼得堡.然后到德国的法兰克福,在法兰克福租车，先去海德堡,维尔茨堡，走一段古堡之路，主要游览德国南部众多的古堡和小镇。随后到达布拉格，游玩东欧匈牙利,捷克,斯洛伐克三国。后进奥地利维也纳。再反走阿尔卑斯之路，沿途欣赏色彩浓郁的阿尔卑斯山风光,在起伏平缓的丘陵地带，峻峭的山峰、绿色的森林、古老的乡村、浪漫的山谷,还有迷人的”世界最美乡镇”之称的哈尔施塔特.随后再次进入德国，重温有浓郁色彩的德国小镇和德国巴伐利亚国王的几个皇宫。国王湖和天鹅堡是重点.紧接着就是期盼的瑞士风光，苏黎世进入瑞士，日内瓦出瑞士进入法国，去法国西南部的普罗旺斯看薰衣草，而后去法国著名海滨城市尼斯.沿途游览几个法国城市后直奔西班牙巴塞罗那，观赏马德里附近的几个古镇，流连在各个充满了伊斯兰和古罗马风味的特色城堡。最后去这次的最远端葡萄牙的里斯本。返程途中游览法国西北部海滨城市和卢瓦尔河谷。取道卢森堡到达科隆，走莱茵河谷经科布伦茨到美因茨后回到法兰克福还车。再飞到莫斯科玩2天，最后回北京。预计57天,自驾路线大约1万多公里。路线为：北京—莫斯科—圣彼得堡—莫斯科--法兰克福--海德堡--维尔茨堡--班贝格--纽伦堡--布拉格--布拉迪斯拉发--布达佩斯--维也纳--梅尔克修道院--哈尔施塔特湖--戈绍--萨尔茨堡—国王湖--阿尔卑巴赫—阿亨湖--瓦腾斯水晶--因斯布鲁克---米腾瓦尔德--加米施-帕腾基兴---上阿玛高--林德霍夫宫--普兰湖--菲森--新天鹅堡--列支敦士登--林道--圣加伦--施泰因--苏黎世--卢塞恩--龙疆湖--因特拉肯--劳特布龙嫩--米伦—图恩湖--施皮茨--伯尔尼--马特洪峰--西庸古堡--洛桑--莫尔日--日内瓦--阿纳西--阿维尼翁--薰衣草胜地瓦郎索勒—尼斯--戛纳--马赛--艾克斯--阿尔勒--阿格德--巴塞罗那--萨拉戈萨--马德里—塞哥维亚--阿维拉--托莱多--格拉纳达--科尔多瓦---塞维利亚--梅里达---里斯本--辛特拉--法蒂玛-萨拉曼卡--布尔戈斯--维多利亚--圣塞瓦斯蒂安海滨--比亚里茨--巴约讷---波尔多---图尔--枫丹白露宫--特鲁瓦--卢森堡--科隆--科布伦茨--美因茨--法兰克福—莫斯科—北京。圣彼得堡夏宫莫斯科红场普罗旺斯看薰衣草世界最美乡镇”之称的哈尔施塔特奥地利瑞士尼斯蔚蓝海滨法国卢瓦尔河谷城堡西班牙葡萄牙 有了行程单，证就很好办，住宿我们都是在BOOKING上提前订好，基本上没有变化。租车提前2个月预定，价格有优势。 这次旅行，两个人总花费包括证在内不到8万元人民币。 出门旅游最大的消费就是交通费，我们欧洲环游是自驾，做好行程后，在网上发帖寻找旅伴，有一对绍兴夫妇与我们一啪即合，同步的申请证与订住宿，四个人完成了整个行程，这样，自驾这部分租车费，汽油费，过路费，存车费等四人均摊，费用自然降下来。 住宿费排名第二，根据各自对住宿条件的喜好程度，费用也参差不齐。我们的住宿平均55欧，基本上是中下水平。 饭费也占相当大的比例，我们自带了电饭煲和电磁炉，大部分是自己做饭。在这么长时间总吃西餐人也会疯的。自己做一些顺口的食物，即能保证营养，费用也下降不少。早餐基本上是稀饭和自带的咸菜，再煎鸡蛋或煮鸡蛋，配面包。中餐基本是自带的面包加火腿和各种涂抹料，配牛奶和果汁与蔬菜。晚餐米饭，自做的一荤一素一汤。葡萄酒每晚一瓶是必不可少的节目，牛排，猪排，鸡，鱼是晚餐的主打菜。感觉与在国内自己做菜的费用相差不大，欧洲人在吃饭上是很便宜啊。简单贴一个我们这次旅行的路线图。从图中可以看出，我们的旅行路线基本上就是中世纪神圣罗马帝国的疆域。去一个地方旅游，应该简单了解一下这些地区的历史和人文及信仰。欧洲的历史比较复杂，但从神圣罗马帝国开始就简单的多。这个神圣罗马帝国与罗马凯撒大帝时期的罗马帝国完全是两码事。神圣罗马帝国全称为德意志民族神圣罗马帝国或日耳曼民族神圣罗马帝国，与962年建立，止于1806年。这是一个松散的政治联邦，由王国、大公国、公国、侯国、宗教贵族领地和帝国自由城市组成，他们承认皇帝为最高权威，但各个王国又独立自主。皇帝由七个选帝侯选举产生。这其实就是现在欧盟的鼻祖。帝国的疆域包括近代的德国、奥地利、匈牙利、捷克、斯洛伐克、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡，瑞士，西班牙，葡萄牙，法国东部、意大利北部和中部。帝国的发展历史也是各诸侯国争夺皇位的历史，从15世纪初起，皇位均由奥地利哈布斯堡家族占据，查理五世（1519～1558）是最具代表性的一位君主。他们的大本营是奥地利，匈牙利和捷克斯洛伐克。进入17世纪以后，普鲁士崛起，建立普鲁士王国，随之也就带来了争霸的战争。结局是奥地利哈布斯堡家族惨败。能与神圣罗马帝国相抗衡的只有高卢人，北欧，奥斯曼帝国和欧洲大陆之外的英国。拿破仑的出现打破了这个平衡，16个神圣罗马帝国的成员脱离帝国，加入拿破仑邦联。1806年拿破仑勒令神圣罗马帝国皇帝弗朗茨二世于8月6日放弃神圣罗马帝国皇帝尊号，仅保留奥地利皇帝称号。宣告神圣罗马帝国从此退出历史舞台。1815年，拿破仑战争结束，德意志邦国被并入组织松散的德意志邦联，由奥地利领导。普鲁士新国王威廉一世和卓越的政治家俾斯麦的出现，又一次打破僵局，铁血宰相俾斯麦领导的普鲁士与哈布斯堡家族领导的奥地利展开一场为争夺霸权的普奥战争。站在普鲁士方面的，有梅伦堡、奥尔登堡和北德意志的其他各邦，以及汉堡、不来梅和吕贝克3个自由市和意大利。站在奥地利方面的，有萨克森、汉诺威、巴伐利亚、巴登、符腾堡、黑森一加塞尔、黑森一达姆施塔德和德意志邦联的其他成员国。从大邦国的数量和人口、面积来说，奥地利方面占有优势。但是，从军事实力来说，普鲁士则显然强于对方。但结局是普鲁士大胜，1866年8月23日，奥地利完全退出旧的北德意志联邦。随后的普法战争，普鲁士打败法国，普王威廉一世登基为德国皇帝，德国成为欧陆最强的大国。到此，欧洲各国的格局基本形成。现行的欧盟是不是复辟了过去的神圣罗马帝国我们不得而知，但申根条约的实施却对欧洲大陆的旅游提供了方便。第一天，行程开始。北京机场与绍兴的旅友汇合，洲际航空UN8888 北京 - 莫斯科.起飞0040,到达.0440. 总时长8小时。我们都变成了追日的夸父，由于经纬度的变化，机窗外粉红的彩带一直伴随了我们飞行的大部分时间，这是不是就是传说的永不日落的晚霞？ 准时到达莫斯科伏努科沃VKO机场，出关也很顺利。我们申请了俄罗斯过境证，机票就变为北京--莫斯科往返加莫斯科--法兰克福往返，在莫斯科中转不在同一个机场。今天我们要赶往圣彼得堡。 由于到达时间早，机场快线还没有开始，但第一班公交车611路刚好到达。语言不通，但手机里有莫斯科地铁的照片，拿给司机看，司机点头。莫斯科的公交车没有售票员，市民坐车基本都买公交卡，司机收了我们四人共100P，给一个卡。上车后，打卡才能通过类似公园大门的自动刷卡机进入车厢。来俄罗斯之前，也看过不少人写的游记，都说俄罗斯人粗野，警察也会找麻烦。在车上，小心翼翼的拿出提前打印好莫斯科地铁站名的纸片，与周围人询问下车的地方，还是有人会帮你，坐了将近一个小时，到站后，司机也喊我们该下车了。下公交车，坐红色地铁线去火车站。莫斯科的地铁致是一个红色大写的“M”字，下车后，远远就能看到。从莫斯科去圣彼得堡的火车站在莫斯科地铁红线的Комсомольской（中文叫共青团站）(红线跟环线的交叉站)站，这个站棕线上的站台很漂亮。 俄罗斯人大多数不会讲英语，去俄罗斯旅游，打印一些日常用语带在身边有很大的帮助。贴一些我找到的俄罗斯常用语。城市名字：1．莫斯科Москва 2．圣彼得堡Санкт-Петербург莫斯科景点：1．列宁墓 мавзолей ленина 2．圣瓦西里大教堂Храм Василия Блаженного 3．克林姆林宫Кремль 4．新圣女公墓Новодевичьекла́дбище5．克里姆林宫Кремль6．红场 красная площадь 7．历史博物馆 Государственный Исторический музей 8．瓦西里升天大教堂 Храм Василия Блаженного9．地下商场Охотный ряд10广场манежная площадь 11．普希金造型艺术馆 Государственный музей изобразительных искусств им. 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Пушкина 12．大剧院Большой Театр (Bolishoi Teatr 13．跳蚤市场Вернисаж （Vernisaj ） 14．莫斯科大马戏团 Большой московский цирк 15.新圣女修道院Hоводевечий Монастырь 16特列季亚科夫画廊Государственная третьяковскаягалерея1．十月火车站МОСКВА ОКТЯБРЬСКАЯ 2．库尔斯克火车站МОСКВА КУРСКАЯ3．雅罗斯拉夫火车站 МОСКВА ЯРОСЛАВСКАЯ 4．白俄罗斯火车站МОСКВА БЕЛОРУССКАЯ 5．地铁共青团站Комсомольской 6．圣彼得堡主火车站САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ-ГЛАВН.7．库尔斯克地铁站КУРСКАЯ 8．白俄罗斯地铁站БЕЛОРУССКАЯ9．起义广场地铁站Площадь Восстания10．游击队站（跳蚤市场）Партизанская 11．麻雀山站Воробьёвы горы12．大学站Университет 13．基督救世主教堂Храм ХристаСпасителя14．老阿尔巴特街Старая улица Арбат15．莫斯科的列宁格勒火车站： MOSKVA OKTYABR'SKAYA 16．全俄展览中心地铁站：ВДНХD．日常用语：1．地铁 метро2．入口 вход（夫货的） 3．出口 выход（威货的）4．售票处 касса5．票 билет 6．厕所 туалет（阿列特）7．谢谢 спасибо 8．对不起 извините9．火车站 вокзал；Железнодо10．公共汽车 автобус 11．退票 возврат билета.12．票数билет в Суздаль в13．时间 пожалуйста.14．银行банк（班克）15．注册就是暂住证регистрация 16．行李寄存处Камера хранения17．城际列车Пригородный поезд 18．直达谢尔盖耶夫的城际列车站Ярославский Вокзал 19．汽车站остановка 20．硬卧плацкарт, platzkart. 21．纯软卧那种мягкий22．软卧包厢купе(kupe)圣彼德堡景点： 1．彼得宫城（夏宫）Петродворец 2．普希金城（皇村）Царское Село3．巴甫洛夫斯克ПАВЛОВСК 4．克鲁泡特金地铁站Кропоткинская 5．叶卡捷琳娜宫ДворецЕкатерины 6．斯莫尔尼宫ДворецСмольный 7．滴血大教堂Спас на Крови 8．尤苏波夫宫Юсуповский дворец 9．彼得保罗要塞Петропавловская Крепость食物：1．红菜汤（罗宋汤）．Борщ 2鱼子酱Икра 3．煎饼Блины 4．烤肉Шашлык 5．克瓦斯Квас 6．三文鱼семга 7．某种红鳟鱼форель 8．少盐的слабосоленный 9．烟熏的подкопченный 10．矿泉水негазированный出地铁站首先看到的建筑。 回头看是地铁出站口。 这里有3个火车站（喀山，亚罗斯拉夫，列宁格勒），我们当时也不知道那个是去圣彼得堡的火车站，拿着打印好的纸片问旁边的警察，警察很热心的指给我们看对面。我拿出相机拍对面的火车站，把警察摄入也没有引起他的不满意。谁说莫斯科警察不好惹？ 我拍照时，一对年轻情侣过来主动要求拍照，并作出夸张的表情，与我们做友好的互动，霎时间，对莫斯科民众的那些不友好传说完全消失。 买票时得知，今天早晨去圣彼得堡的快速火车只有两趟车，现在已经没有票了，下午有一班车，只有几张剩票。赶紧掏钱买票。价格是真心贵。这就是我们不懂外文的弊病，如果能在国内提前在俄罗斯铁网上订票，不仅不会发生这样的事，价格还会便宜不少。 改变计划，先存包在火车站，在附近吃早饭，然后坐地铁去红场。 大街一角矗立着列宁的雕像。列宁是俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国（世界上第一个社会主义国家）的缔造者、布尔什维克党的创始人、十月革命的主要领导人、第一届苏维埃政府人民委员会主席。我在很小的时候就看过原苏联录制的描写列宁一生的电影----“列宁在1918”。如果没有列宁，苏联也可能会走向大部分欧洲皇家变革的君主立宪制。如果真是那样，世界的格局不知道要变成什么样子？ 莫斯科地铁票已经涨价。单次票40P。20次票540P，进入后，可以随意转车，也可以多人使用一张卡。 贴一张莫斯科地铁图和红场周围景点图。 莫斯科地铁车厢太落伍了，没有空调，上边有个小窗户开着，跑起来后声音震耳欲聋，倒是可以吹点凉风进来。中国中车可以打进俄罗斯市场，提供些现代化的车厢了。 车厢不怎么样，但地铁站太值好好看看了，索科尔站的苍穹顶、斯摩棱斯克站的圆柱式大厅、基辅站的巨大拱门大厅和巨型壁画(以十月革命为主)、白俄罗斯站的英雄群雕、诺沃斯洛波德站的民族风格壁画、普希金站诗一般的圣洁、高尔基站(现改名为特维尔站)的神韵，以及最美丽的被誉为“20世纪建筑艺术精品”的马雅可夫斯基站..... 坐地铁来到红场（Okhotnt ryad，红线，绿线，蓝线的交叉站）。红场的意思是“美丽的广场”，“红色”在俄语里包含“美丽”的意思。地面全部由条石铺成，既独特又显得古老而神圣。红场是莫斯科人的骄傲，它是莫斯科的中心广场，见证了莫斯科的历史变化。首先来到二战英雄朱可夫骑马的雕像前，他身后是国家历史博物馆。我们只有上午的一点时间，只能走马观花看看红场的外景了。 朱可夫骑马雕像的右前方是国家杜马。 国家博物馆的右边，在俄罗斯式的凯旋门前有一个蓝顶绿墙的小教堂，教堂门口有人围着的地上有个铜的圆环，这个就是莫斯科的市中心的志，站上去扔个硬币吧，据说是可以带来好运。([]
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陈雅婷7天7夜只为看你一眼——2013年10月贡嘎大环线徒步历险记 今年“十一”，我第三次来到贡嘎，带着更大的梦想，那就是要全方位、多角度、近距离地欣赏贡嘎。我们设计的线路也是全新的，几乎把贡嘎美景一网打尽：牛背山、雅哈垭口、子梅垭口、贡嘎寺、大本营（BC）、C1、那玛峰、玉龙西垭口，每一个都是观赏贡嘎的好地方，每一天我们都要与贡嘎相伴。 7天7夜，我们在小雨中前行，在大雪中等待。其中两天在海拔4500米的子梅垭口扎营，两天在海拔4370米的贡嘎大本营等待，3天在海拔3750米的贡嘎寺守望，但连续7天的坏天气，特别是贡嘎大本营连续两天的大雪，把我们的那玛峰攀登梦想完全浇灭，让我们的心冷到冰点。 值得欣慰的是：在我们离开贡嘎大本营准备下撤的那一刻，贡嘎终于被我们的诚心所感动，弥漫了几天的云雾慢慢散开，贡嘎向我们展示出它的气势磅礴和阿娜多姿。而当我们再次返回贡嘎寺的那个晚上，星光灿烂，贡嘎一览无余。 7天7夜的等待只为看你一眼，但一瞬即成永恒。贡嘎，你总在那里，我们还会再来。 时间：9月27日——10月13日共17天 线路：深圳——成都——冷碛——牛背山——新都桥——上木居——子梅垭口——贡嘎寺——贡嘎大本营——C1——那玛峰——贡嘎寺——玉龙西垭口——雅哈哑口——新都桥——成都——光雾山——米仓山——成都——深圳。 人员：GG：行摄匆匆、与天相守、阿韦、秋池（小田田）、 有足道、cquptchh（龟少）、streaking68（裸奔）、岚轩主人（黄大师）、钓猫鱼、周游列国、阿牛（fengniu）；MM：tt007、夭夭2008、妙歌、玉翁锦、晓钰0718。 这次活动定位为摄影，徒步，雪山三合一。牛背山是前奏，那玛峰是高潮，光雾山是放松，而核心则是贡嘎。16天的活动包括牛背山摄影，贡嘎徒步，那玛峰攀登，光雾山摄影四项内容，可以说把川西美景一次看个够。 牛背山：位于四川泸定县、天全县、荥经县三县交界处，是青衣江、大渡河的分水岭，山顶海拔3600米，因山顶一面悬崖有巨石突出酷似牛头，山脊细长貌似牛背而得名。泸定县内山峰众多，是中国5000米以上山峰最多的县，而牛背山就是其中最佳的观景台。牛背山视野开阔，云海壮丽，被誉为“中国最大的观景平台”，是绝佳的摄影圣地。牛背山的云海浓密而均匀、壮阔而平缓，随处可见的瀑布云犹如阿凡达中“哈利路雅山”，让人感觉云中漫步；而四周连绵不断的群山错落有致，层次分明，蜀山之王贡嘎雪山矗立于最高点，泥巴山、娘娘山、瓦屋山、峨眉山、夹金山、四姑娘山和二郎山在前，大渡河大峡谷在后，几乎天府之国的所有名山峻岭在此时都变成了玲珑盆景。翻滚的云雾之下，群山丘陵逐级降低，缓缓融入稻浪翻滚的天府平原。无论是徒步爱好者或是摄影发烧友，牛背山都可谓是顶级行摄之旅。贡嘎山：坐落在青藏高原东部边缘，横断山系的大雪山中段，位于大渡河与雅砻江之间。“贡嘎山”藏语意为“最高的雪山”，山体南北长约60公里，东西宽约30公里，位于四川省康定、泸定、石棉、九龙四县之间。贡嘎山主峰海拔7556米，是四川省最高峰，被称为“蜀山之王”，2005年被《中国国家地理杂志》评选为“中国最美的十大名山”第二名！那玛峰：海拔5588米，是贡嘎卫峰之一，也是贡嘎地区5500米以上山峰中最容易的一座。那玛峰离贡嘎很近，攀登难度不大，为冰川裂缝及冰雪坡地形，天气良好的情况下，可由冰舌末端大本营一天登顶。山顶景色极佳，可以清楚看见整个贡嘎西北山脊和主峰。 光雾山：位于四川盆地东北边缘，川、陕交界处的南江县境内，距陕西汉中市55公里，距西安市304公里，距成都市390公里，距重庆市305公里。景区面积830平方公里，由桃园、大坝景区、十八月潭、神门、小巫峡五大片区组成，集秀峰怪石、峭壁幽谷、溪流瀑潭、田园山林于一体，堪称“山奇、石怪、谷幽、水秀、峰险”五绝。景区自然生态环境独特、森林植被原始古朴、地域空间博大、辐射范围广阔，主要以奇特的喀斯特峰丛地貌，古朴的原生态植被，迷人的瀑潭秀水为景观特色，春花烂漫，迎春杜鹃别样红，夏树葱茏，碧峰飞瀑雾群山，秋叶漂丹，深秋红叶醉层林，冬林映雪，玉树琼花披银妆，四季有景。红军文化、三国文化、蜀汉文化、米仓古道文化等历史文化底蕴异常深厚，巴山游击队纪念馆、李先念骨灰撒播区被列为全国红色旅游经典景区。 红叶是光雾山景区的一大独特生态景观和靓丽名片，有“红叶甲天下”之美誉。可观赏面积达680平方公里，是亚洲最大的红叶观赏区，被誉为“亚洲最长的天然红地毯”。红叶景观面积之大、色彩之丰、资源之富、场面之盛、品位之高和观赏期之长为国之仅有，世所罕见。“巴山一夜风，木叶映天红。色比桃花艳，秋如春意浓。”光雾山红叶倾倒了无数游人，每年有10多万国内外游客前往光雾山景区观赏红叶。我们的大家庭：我们，一直在路上：马叉，无处不在：一、计划行程D1：9月27日，深圳—成都D2 9月28日，成都-143km-雅安-126km--冷碛-44km-牛背山顶D39月29日，山顶-44km-冷碛-30km-泸定-46km-康定-68km-新都桥D4：9月30日，新都桥-20km-甲根坝-43km-沙德-99K-六巴-上木居-13km-子梅垭口（或新都桥-甲根坝-30km-雅哈垭口-28km-玉龙西-上木居村-子梅垭口）D5：10月1日，子梅垭口-15km-上子梅村-13km-贡嘎寺D6 10月2日，贡嘎寺-贡嘎冰川-BCD7：10月3日，机动时间一天，为登顶准备，视情况而定•̶6;••̶6;•;D8 10月4日，BC-适应性训练-C1（4900山坳营地）D9：10月5日，C1-冲顶-BCD10：10月6日，BC-贡嘎寺D11 10月7日，贡嘎寺-玉龙西垭口-玉龙西村D12：10月8日，玉龙西村—雅哈雪山垭口—甲根坝—新都桥—76km—康定D13 10月9日，康定-430km-成都如果还有几天假期，那么我们一起去光雾山吧，那儿有川西最迷人的秋色。D14：10月10日，成都——光雾山，包车D15：10月11日，光雾山摄影D16：10月12日，光雾山摄影D17：10月13日，光雾山——成都——深圳二、实际行程因为国庆期间贡嘎山地区遭遇多年不见大雪，我们的那玛峰攀登计划被迫放弃，实际行程如下：D1：9月27日，深圳—成都D2 9月28日，成都-143km-雅安-126km--冷碛-44km-牛背山顶D39月29日，山顶-44km-冷碛-30km-泸定-46km-康定-68km-新都桥D4：9月30日，新都桥-20km-甲根坝-43km-沙德-99K-六巴-上木居-13km-子梅垭口D5：10月1日，子梅垭口-15km-上子梅村-13km-贡嘎寺D6 10月2日，贡嘎寺休整D7：10月3日，贡嘎寺——贡嘎大本营（BC）D8 10月4日，BC——贡嘎冰川——BCD9：10月5日，BC——贡嘎寺D10：10月6日，贡嘎寺——子梅垭口D11 10月7日，子梅垭口——泉华滩——玉龙西村——沙德——新都桥——康定D12：10月8日，康定——天全——成都D13 10月9日，成都——彭镇——洛带古镇——成都D14：10月10日，成都包车到光雾山，住大坝农家乐D15：10月11日，米仓山摄影，晚住光雾山镇D16：10月12日，光雾山摄影，晚上赶到巴中D17：10月13日，巴中——成都——深圳三、贡嘎徒步GPS轨迹D1：9月30日，上木居（3702米）坐车到子梅垭口（4539米），大约1小时，海拔上升837米D2：10月1日，子梅垭口——上子梅村（3472米）——贡嘎寺(3754米），徒步5小时，海拔上升434米，下降1219米。D3：10月2日，贡嘎寺休整D4：10月3日，贡嘎寺——贡嘎大本营（4369米），徒步5小时，海拔上升710米，下降95米。D5：10月4日，贡嘎大本营——贡嘎冰川——贡嘎大本营，徒步3小时，海拔上升260米，下降260米。D6：10月5日，贡嘎大本营——贡嘎寺，徒步5小时，海拔上升95米，下降710米。D7：10月6日，贡嘎寺徒步到上子梅村，坐车到子梅垭口，徒步1.5小时，海拔上升1219米，下降434米。D8：10月7日，子梅垭口——上木居，徒步半小时，坐车半小时。 谢谢大家支持。 贡嘎地区徒步和登山注意事项 贡嘎雪山位于甘孜藏族自治州泸定、康定、九龙三县境内，是四川第一高山，主峰海拔7556米，被誉为“蜀山之王”。以贡嘎山为中心，贡嘎主峰周围林立着145座海拔5000米以上的冰峰，形成了群峰簇拥、雪山相接的宏伟景象。贡嘎山是国际上享有盛名的高山探险和登山圣地，但贡嘎山也是最难以征服的极高山，其登顶难度远远大于珠穆朗玛峰。据统计：到目前为止，仅有24人成功登顶，却有37人在攀登中和登顶后遇难，这其中包括14名外国人。登山死亡率远远超过珠峰的14%和K2峰的30%。 随着《中国国家地理杂志》的推介，贡嘎从深藏闺中变为天下驴子所共知，每年来贡嘎徒步的人络绎不绝，只为一睹贡嘎的风采。 贡嘎山地区的气候受海拔高度的影响较大，气温随海拔升高而降低，而降水量随海拔升高而增大。贡嘎转山线路几乎全程都在海拔3000米以上，最高的日乌且垭口高达4900米.贡嘎地区的气候多变。每年6—10月为雨季，11月至翌年5月为旱季。年降水量800-900毫米，多集中在7、8、9三月。夏季云量大，日温差也大，在海拔6000米以上有时气温可达-20°C。旱季里天气晴朗，比同纬度其他地区还要温和，一年里气温最高的是4、5月份。 贡嘎徒步难度如何？个人能力不同，线路不同，后勤保障不同，天气条件不同，答案也有所不同。拿今年国庆节为例，因为连续几天大雪，很多队伍准备不足，使贡嘎成为户外事故的重灾区。那玛峰没有一人登顶，贡嘎徒步穿越的队伍很多在子梅垭口就打道回府了，而从老榆林穿日乌且垭口的队伍最惨，迷路，失温，半夜赶路，饥寒交迫，溃不成军的比比皆是，很多成都的户外俱乐部被投诉。其中一人脱离队伍，家属求救，赔了14600元；还有一女驴路上失温晕倒，被好心的马夫救活。而发生在我们身边未经证实的消息是：一猛驴在队友下撤的情况下坚持孤身一人上那玛峰C1营地，经过我们营地的时候还买了我们队员一个炉头。几天没有出山，他的家属找当地人上山寻找，最后发现死在贡嘎大本营的帐篷中。。。 我们不可以轻视任何一座雪山，更何况是死亡率最高的蜀山之王——贡嘎！一、贡嘎徒步注意事项（一）线路的选择1、最简单的线路：上木居——子梅垭口——贡嘎寺——草科，3天 适合没有多少户外经验又想一睹贡嘎风采的新驴。可以上木居坐车到子梅垭口，子梅垭口徒步到贡嘎寺，贡嘎寺再徒步到草科界碑。走不动的时候可以坐车、骑马，自己实际徒步的时间很少。 这条线路只有一个难点，那就是在海拔4539米的子梅垭口露营，很多人晚上会有高原反应，特别是初上高原的人。不过，实在忍受不了，可以下撤到海拔3700米的上木居或海拔3470米的上子梅村。2、准线路：老榆林——日乌且垭口——贡嘎寺——子梅垭口——上木居，5天 这条徒步线路算是贡嘎地区最准的徒步线路了，难度较大，如果自己负重则难度更大，如果遇到恶劣天气则存在不确定风险，适合有丰富的经验的驴友或跟随有实力的俱乐部。 主要难点：翻越日乌且垭口，子梅垭口露营。3、贡嘎环线：牛背山——雅哈垭口——子梅垭口——贡嘎寺——贡嘎大本营——贡嘎寺——玉龙西垭口，8天 这是一条以贡嘎为核心的环线，几乎把所有贡嘎观景点一网打尽，徒步和坐车相结合，适合对贡嘎情有独钟的驴友和摄影发烧友。这条线路所需时间较长，灵活性较大，可以随意组合。主要难点是子梅垭口露营，贡嘎寺到贡嘎大本营徒步和翻越玉龙西垭口。（二）户外装备 即使是自己负重，贡嘎徒步的装备也要按最坏的天气条件来准备。1、个人装备 大背包及防雨罩或驮包、随身小包、帐篷、睡袋（-15度）、防潮垫、头灯、羽绒服、冲锋衣、冲锋裤、防水高帮登山鞋、雪套、抓绒上衣、抓绒裤、保暖内衣、袜子5双（其中羊毛袜一双以上）、防水手套、保温水壶、墨镜、遮阳帽、个人餐具、洗漱用品，防晒护肤用品等。1）睡袋舒适温—15，不够的可以带两个睡袋；2）注意防寒，衣服多带，羽绒服、抓绒、保暖衣、羊毛袜、毛线帽、抓绒手套，冲锋衣、快干内衣等；3）大包给马帮，最好配一个驮包或外罩，以免弄脏；4）高帮登山鞋，至少试穿三次以上，多带一双鞋垫和护舒宝，鞋子进水的时候可以保持干燥；5）带双登山杖、护膝、护踝，保护双脚；6）遮阳帽、太阳镜、头巾、30倍以上防晒霜，户外雨衣，防雨防晒；7）个人常用药品：感冒药、肠胃药、清火药、去痛片、消炎药、活络油等；8）头灯、备用电池、垃圾袋、充电器等；9）1升左右保温水壶、洗簌用品、个人餐具；10）头灯、手套、眼镜最好备份。2、公共装备 对讲机，GPS，地图，炊具，炉具，急救箱等。（三）后勤保障1、交通1）成都包车2）班车 到上木居可以坐成都——九龙的班车在沙德下，再包当地车去上木居；去老榆林可以坐班车到康定，再包当地车去老榆林；草科出来后可坐过路车回成都。3）当地包车 在沙德、上木居、玉龙西、上子梅村、下子梅村都可以找到当地的小面的和皮卡车，还有摩托车。2、沿途吃住 沿途酒店很多，川菜为主，吃住问不大，但节假日可能价格较贵，住房比较紧张一些。上木居、上子梅村、下子梅村、贡嘎寺都有民房可住但数量有限，藏民家有吃的但可供选择的很少，大多面条、青菜、鸡蛋酥油茶等。3、向导和马夫 藏民不太讲信用，向导和马匹最好在老榆林、上木居或玉龙西找好，半路租马会被宰得很惨！出发前最好把时间、线路、价格谈好，免得他们反悔。（四）联系电话1、成都新南门汽车站：028——85433609，854420462、成都四号工厂青年旅馆：028——86265770，成都中同仁路小通巷四号3、冷碛鑫隆饭店：135414795154、上木居登巴客栈：13990460621，135516943615、老榆林多吉大叔：0836——2830628，13320793499上述只是我所知道的部分相关电话，不对服务质量担保，责任自负。二、那玛峰攀登注意事项1、那玛峰虽然海拔不高，只有5588米，但目前登顶成功率并不高，所以不可小视。天气是主要原因，秋冬季节较好；2、C1之上需要使用路绳、高山靴、冰爪和冰镐等技术装备；3、如果是找四川登协或成都当地户外俱乐部租借技术装备，最好出发前试一下高山靴，因为各种品牌的码数准不一，一般比平时的鞋子大两码比较靠谱，因为大一点总比夹脚要好。4、如果对攀登线路不是非常熟悉，最好请有经验的当地协作，目前成都三人行户外、青蛙户外、徐老幺和蜀山探险都有组织那玛峰的攀登。([
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陈哲玮Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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