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前言 印度，那里是人的森林 印度也被称为“众神与信仰之国” 也被叫做“嘈杂与贫困之囯” 但是，如果那里是天堂，那俺们所在就是地狱吗？ 如果将那里称为地狱，那俺们这里就是天堂了吗？ 不管是天堂抑或是地狱 印度那疙瘩呼唤着你的到来 从一月九日开始【北印度】 瓦拉纳西的恒河、阿格拉的泰姬陵、马图拉的考古学博物馆、德里的喧嚣街头、斋浦尔的风宫、乌代布尔的墙画 到一月二十五日【西印度】 艾哈迈达巴德的贫民区、孟买的海湾、奥兰加巴德的德干城堡、埃洛拉 阿旃陀的石窟群 再二月一日【阿拉伯海西海岸】 果阿海边嬉皮士居留地、科钦的犹太会堂、阿勒皮 奎隆的滞水巡游、特里凡得琅的神庙、科瓦拉姆海滩 然后二月十二日【南印度】根尼亚古马里的阿拉伯海 印度洋 孟加拉湾交汇点、马杜赖的米纳克希神庙、金奈的孟加拉湾海滩 最后二月十七日【东印度】加尔各答的人文 直至三月四日离开去泰国 1月9日清晨长途巴士从尼泊尔边境抵达瓦拉纳西，住在恒河边的家庭旅馆，一个普通间40多元人民币。交通工具就选农用车、人力三轮车，费用很低，大都时候靠步行。吃就当地的甜食和小西食。其间去了贝拿勒斯印度教大学、鹿野苑等等地方，也在恒河沐了浴。。。。。一月十二日的阿格拉的红砂石之堡一月十六日缓缓流淌在马图拉的亚穆纳河一月十八日在新德里的伊斯兰教巴哈伊寺一月二十二日在斋浦尔的宫中嫔妃们用作观赏外面街市的风宫一月二十三日在乌代布尔外面街头墙壁上到处都是的墙画([]
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白英琴去年下半年，开始考虑今年的行程，打算到东南亚去看看。 境外游的前辈们，向我介绍了穷游网，在众多的游记中反复比较之后，发现对我这种菜鸟级的人来说，最适合的是泰国。一是它的旅游业整体成熟；二是泰国人信佛，治安良好，人也友善；三是费用相对低廉。 既然确定了目，那首先解决的就是交通了，这个时候，亚洲航空又走到我的面前，作为亚洲第一家廉价航空公司，虽然它的价格日益高涨，但相对国内的价格，那还真是没有可比性啊。 亚航上海没有直飞曼谷的航线，从哪里转呢？是国内的西安、武汉还是香港、澳门，或者菲律宾？最终让我下定决心是一则新闻，亚航将于13年2月开通上海往返吉隆坡的航线，而首航最低的票价为860人民币往返含税，还需要犹豫吗？ 没抢过亚航机票的人，可能不知道抢票的痛苦，凌晨的时候，苦苦守在电脑边上，反复的刷新，好在，这一切均由别人代劳，我要做的只是陪在电脑跟前，过程自然没有那么顺利，最终结果是三个月的时间内，购买了三次机票，四飞的价格是人民币1602，虽然每个航段都不是最低，但完全符合我的心理价格。 大交通结束后是小交通，对于一个语言不通的人来说，事先了解是必须做的功课，这时前辈们又把LP（孤独星球）适时的推到我的面前。。。。。 “亚航昨晚不讲信用，不到十二点就偷偷放票，八百多的票刚过十二点就木有了，今晚只能帮朋友买了一千二吉隆坡来回的。朋友本地大妈，以前西部经常一个人晃悠，但木有过出境背包游，英文白痴，很纯的那种，这次打算用足全部证周期，独行马泰一个多月，这胆量和酒量一样，也真不是三天两头就能练出来的啊” 这是替我买票的前辈写的微博，看到时的心慌到现在还记忆犹新，就这样，一点点的收集，慢慢的准备，直到开始我的旅程。 时间：5月12日--6月21日 计40天 费用：合人民币约7918元 凌晨的航班，提早一天从苏州坐火车到虹桥，再转地铁去浦东，这是到浦东机场最经济的走法。 顺着指示牌一直往里走着，怎么还是看不到，问了工作人员，一指，原来前面排最长队的就是，看来低价位还是很吸引人，并不象传说中的，柜台只提前二小时办理登机，太好了，坐在里面等总比在外面站着强。 拿着打出的登机牌，才发现，原来在天朝这种是不被认可的，重新办理，再去边检排队，早知道背包不称重，我该多带点东西啊（我没购买行李票，背包重量不得超过七公斤）。 好困，实在无聊，看了一集电视剧后想起玩下翻译软件，结果，当头一棒，下载的三个软件，无一可以离线使用，当初我是怎么试谷歌翻译的离线包来着？不是可以的吗？难道是我只关了WIFI，没关移动网络？ 反复尝试，后果相同，那一刻真是闪出过放弃的念头，这时离登机还有一小时，看着行李，看着机票，想着种种的准备，也许我还是可以试一下。 这是排着长队等着办理登机的乘客。 亚航空姐ZHI服是大红的颜色，贴身剪裁，十分火辣，但机舱内空调却十足，我拿出准备好的厚围巾，把自己围上，睡着对我来说，是不太可能的事，最多闭目养神，偶尔看看窗外，第一次坐红眼，期待着能在空中看到日出。 这应该已经是大马的境内了，城市里的闪闪灯光，这么高高的看下去，有些象一个缀满珠串的饰品。 随着时间推进，我发现，这个国家虽然与我们没有时差，但看到日出已经没有可能，6点钟，天根本没亮啊。 在空中看到的马来西亚。 下了飞机就是办理过境了，按攻略找到地方，拿到表格，对照打好的中文填写，第一次，难免有错，想去换一张新的时候，发现人家根本不理我呀，，央了旁人用英语去解释，人家只回说，划掉重填即可，马来人都那么凶吗？担心又加重一点，好在填好之后再出示离境机票，盖章顺利，并没有留下指纹啥，我就进入了这个国家。 拍这张照片的时候，我已经顺利入境了。 计划是从机场直接去马六甲，可长途汽车站在哪里呢？我拿着便本，上面写着马六甲的英文，去给一个工作人员看，他给我指了一个大致的方向，无奈机场有点大，一会我就有点转向，看到身后一个人好像是同一班机的，再去问他，原来这是一个马来人，既不会中文，英文MS也不懂，他和太太陪着我一直走到汽车站台，接着找了一个华侨做翻译，告诉我在这里坐车。 刚才对马来人的印象一下就有了一个一百八十度的转变，听到中文，又觉得亲切了很多。 原来这里并不售票，这位华侨又问了边上的工作人员，画了草图告诉我售票窗口该怎么走，几次来回，就到了发车的时间。 这张是走过长途车站拍的，第一眼的吉隆坡。 到马六甲的时候，这里刚下过雨，湿热的天气让我有点不适应，我要去坐17路公车，依然找不到车站在哪儿，问过工作人员，她同样跟一个马来人说了什么，然后示意我跟着那人一起走，这个显然也是不通中文和英语，要转弯的时候，就跟我比划一下，直到送我到车站后才发现，其实他跟我并不是坐同一班车，看来马来人民很热心啊。 坐在那里等车，一会边上就多了些同样等车的人，左边二个操着日语，右边一个小男生手上拿着一叠A4纸，我一看就是中国游客，果然。 我自己的包里也是同样一叠啊，比这还厚呢。 原来这是一个来自北京的应届毕业生，趁没报到的时间出来玩一圈，旅馆什么都已经定好，手上拿着的那些都是订单的打印件。 车来了，驶向市区，看上去，这个城市很安静，应该是到了芒果成熟的季节，还看到不少芒果挂在枝头。 到了红屋，道声别，我去到河对面的唐人街寻找住处，唐人街的旅馆都好贵，背着包，往深里走，中途遇到一位华人的老太太，跟我说，包（我还提了一个摄影包）不能提在手上，要背在身上，不要走在马路中间，小心有人抢，这可是大中午啊。知道我在找住处，又告诉我怎么走，哪里有间华人开的旅馆，便宜又干净，真是太好了。 这是找到住处后去吃中饭，一个小的巷子，只有本地人，香港云吞面，那云吞是鲜虾做的馅，真挺好吃的。 这个季节中午的时间并不适合出行，我赞过云吞面就回住处午睡去了，午睡是我的生活习惯之一，就算是出行，一般也不会改变。 下午三点半，再出来晃悠，红屋的游客实在太多，边上停满旅游的大巴，我还是躲着点吧。先是去看了建筑博物馆，里面有不同时期，不同种族的建筑模型，除了最开始的视频有中文的字幕，别的说明均为英文，很快，就走了出来。 再到了商船博物馆，这是荷兰典型的商船，甲板面积小，肚子大，当时海上贸易，各个国家对商船收税是按照甲板面积来收的，荷兰很聪明，发明了这种甲板面积小，肚子大的船，可以多装货物，少交税。这就是为什么荷兰可以称为海上马车夫的一个原因。 照片为这荷兰商船。 从栈道往回，是一个小小的城堡，走上台阶，就看到这些大炮，朝着不同的方向，告诉我这里曾经多么重要。 再慢慢走回唐人街，它的名字叫鸡场街，志就是立在街口的郑和宝船。 鸡场街位于马六甲城市广场前的马六甲桥的另一边，至今已经有300年历史。据记载：早在十五世纪初，福建的商人就来到马六甲经商。到了十六世纪，即中国明代中晚期，鸡场街一带，已形成相当大的华人村落。如今的鸡场街几乎全貌地体现出一百乃至数百年前，中国人生活的全部要素。 在我看来，它有很多保留完好的老东西，象是在看民国剧，比如这个印务局。 再比如这个邝洋服，当我拍完的时候，老板走出门来，拉上关好，骑上停在门口的自行车，回家了。 这是条商业街，而现在只有五点半。 这是鸡场街文化坊的创始人，曾经的世界先生颜文龙先生的半身铜像，这个地点是在世遗公园， 2008年7月，马六甲被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。而颜老先生仍然健在，去年度过了他八十岁的生日。 夕阳西下，不到六点，鸡场街的大部分店铺都已经关闭。 桥那边的红屋却依然热闹。 顺着河边随意的走着，夕阳真好。 走下河沿，拍几张照片，发现另一边还有一个走下来的人，他在画画，相视笑了一下，各自忙碌， 返回，路过，打了声招呼，知道他来自于法国，在马六甲四天了，明天便要离开，我的英文水平实在无法做再多的交流，我让他看了我相机里拍的照片，他让我看了他的画本。其实我会觉得，他比我更能体会到这里的美，这是我欣赏的旅行态度。 天色渐暗，想到治安，只能离开，边上停的那辆自行车，应该是他的交通工具吧，很遗憾不能看到他上好颜色。那个法国帅哥所绘的内容。 第二天一早的任务，是去山顶看日出。出门的时候，天还黑着，虽然提前一天问好了路，但那人的汉语不太流利，总觉得有些问。 走到鸡场街，看到前面有一位华人老伯伯，就上前去问了他，老伯伯79岁，每天早起晨练，从不耽搁，听说我要上升旗山顶，便带我一同走，但不同意我一个人上山。他说山顶上的角落经常会有些吸毒的人，一个女孩子上去不太安全，让我跟他一起在山脚的停车场那里做健身操。 做操，真是几十年没干过的事了，为了老伯伯的好心，我只能耐着性子跟着他们，眼睛却一直四处张望。 天渐渐亮了起来，老伯伯看我早就没了心思，告诉我怎么上山，吩附我多加小心。 好漂亮的云霞，我激动的拿出相机。 天呐，一晚上的空调，又是一晚上的雨，二个相机的镜头上全是水汽，真是欲哭无泪，好在，我想起我还有手机，手机按了几张之后，相机慢慢褪去水雾，才有了这么一张。 升旗山上的圣保罗教堂 朝霞笼罩中的马六甲 远远的，那就是马六甲海峡。 注：马六甲海峡是连接印度洋和太平洋的水道，西岸是印度尼西亚的苏门答腊岛，东岸是西马来西亚和泰国南部，面积为65000平方公里(25000平方浬)。海峡长度为800公里(500浬)，状似漏斗，其南口宽只有65公里(40浬)，向北渐宽，到印尼的沙璜和泰国的克拉地峡之间的北口已宽达249公里(155浬)。马六甲海峡因在马来亚海岸上的贸易港口，马六甲(Melaka,原称Malacca)而得名，该城在16和17世纪时是重要的港埠，是连接沟通太平洋与印度洋的国际水道，也是亚洲与大洋州的十字路口。 海峡现由新加坡、马来西亚和印度尼西亚3国共管。 圣保罗教堂。二边两侧均为墓碑。 马六甲15世纪末是葡萄牙殖民地，这个教堂建于那个时期，1521 年时，一位葡萄牙将军 DUARTE COELHO 在此兴建一座小教堂，他希望它会是这座城市中最先进的天主教堂。后来与荷兰利益冲突，毁于炮火，当荷兰人接管马六甲后，它被改称为圣保罗教堂。 1753 年 CHRIST 教堂建造完毕，圣保罗教堂就被弃而不用。后来，荷兰人将它改为埋葬有名望的人之墓园。英国人接管后，因为教派不同，不愿意重建，因而教堂为现在这个样子。 圣方济雕像。 方济各·沙勿略（St. Francois Xavier），是最早来东方传教的耶稣会士。沙勿略1506年4月7日出生在西班牙纳瓦拉省的哈维尔城堡，死于1552年。他是耶稣会创始人之一，首先将天主教传播到亚洲的马六甲和日本。天主教会称之为“历史上最伟大的传教士”；圣方济萨威于1622年被封圣，而1927年，他与圣女小德兰一起被列为外国传教士的主保。 圣地利亚哥古城门，这是葡萄牙人殖民统治时期修建的。石头垒起的城门两侧，各有一门铜炮。据说当年葡萄牙人在马六甲修筑了许多城堡和城门，这些城堡和城门都建得大气磅礡，极具防御和观赏价值。遗憾的是，后来荷兰人统治马来西亚时，为了显示自己的声威，大肆拆毁城堡和城门。直到英国殖民者统治马来西亚时，才阻止住荷兰人的破坏。可惜为时已晚，全马六甲仅剩这一座城门。 马六甲重要的地理位置决定它一直是各方势力争夺之地，各种炮台也时时提醒了这一点。 但撇开这一切，当我看到蓝天白云，看到绿树成荫，，看到人们在慢跑，我觉得这里只是一座宁静安详的小城，我喜欢这样的小城。 走回住处，这是途中的一个祠堂，其实我不太明白，一个华人的祠堂怎么会建得如此西式的样子，但大门紧锁，没有答案。永春会馆，相信大家都知道叶问吧。 回去的时候，发现旅馆对面有个小菜场，以我的经验，小菜场里肯定有好吃的东西，果然如此。没想到这里的华人如此喜欢喝咖啡，就算是在菜场里的小食摊上也会供应。 再次出门的时候，又去了永春会馆，这里正在重新装修，工人们进进出出的搬运着材料。 这里是前厅。 各界馆长，碑上是重修的纪年以及会馆的历史。 其实这块区域很多会馆，门面都很中国，但内里有些已经破落，福建会馆的前厅，白天的时候，看到都是按摩的师傅。这家其实是在售卖老式家具，走进去是因为它的建筑结构，这是马六甲典型的传统住宅。 这张照片可以大致看出它的格局。 之后，我去参观了峇峇娘惹博物馆。 开始知道娘惹，完全是因为《小娘惹》这部电视剧，当年回厦门，好像所有的台都在播放，跟着看了几集，直到完全入戏。 博物馆门票12马币（相当于24人民币）是我在大马买的最贵的门票了，博物馆早上十点才开，就算是开放的时间也大门紧闭，只有按门铃，门才会由里面打开。 这里是《小娘惹》里月娘家的拍摄地，是当地一位有名的峇峇家族的祖屋，第一代主人是卖香料起家，现在的主人已经是第四代，目前全家住在吉隆坡，把祖屋拿出来办了这个私人博物馆。 这其实是他们家的天井，在我拍了一张之后，被告之不可以拍照，只能收了相机，四处转转。 虽然他们有工作人员会说中文，但只提供英文的服务，无奈，只能看个表面了，简单的说，看了这里就会明白，什么叫做大户之家，什么叫做品味，我是建议如果有机会有人去到马六甲，一定也要过去感受一下。 注：据史载，中国明朝有一个叫韩柳的公主当年跟随郑和下南洋时，与马六甲的一个苏丹联姻，护送她来到马六甲的有五百名卫士。这五百名卫士后来便在马六甲的一个小山上住下并挖了一口井，于是这座小山叫做“三保山”，这口井叫做“三保井”。后来人们还加了罩盖保护这口井，并在井旁和山下都立有说明和志，供游人参观。 这些定居在马六甲的早期华人与当地妇女——马来妇女或暹罗妇女等通婚所生的后代，使被称为“峇峇”；而嫁给华人后脱离当地习俗而遵守丈夫华人习俗的这些妇女，便被称为“娘惹”。“峇峇娘惹”的家庭及其亲戚们基本上是封闭相处的，他们代代相传，形成了一个“峇峇娘惹”社会。在长期的生活中，为了既适应华人社会的习俗，又适应马来社会的习俗，在文化的碰撞与认同中逐渐地形成了“峇峇娘惹”文化。“峇峇娘惹”文化基本上是汉人文化。学者将“峇峇华人”称为华人次群族。例如他们信仰的是华人的礼教，遵守的是华人的风俗，祭拜的是华人的神位(如观音菩萨、关公帝等)和祖先。他们的婚礼也与华人相同，甚至还有按传统的方式举行婚礼的，即新郎穿长袍马褂，新娘穿裙褂、戴凤冠等。在曾氏的祖屋博物馆门前，就立着两尊穿传统服饰的新郎、新娘的塑像。当然，这些“峇峇娘惹”们也有许多与华人不同的地方，如讲的是“峇峇马来话”，这是一种与马来亚准语及马来方言有差异并夹杂有许多闽南话词汇的语言。“娘惹”们穿“娘惹装”——“格巴雅”或纱笼，这是马来人和印尼人的服装样式；饮食方面也是“峇峇式”，即用“峇峇娘惹烹饪法”——一种将马来人与华人汇合起来的烹调法。而且他们也像马来人一样用手或者用勺与叉吃饭，而不用筷子，等等。 想要说明的一点是，我专门去吃过娘惹晶露，有点甜腻，娘惹面，因为豆芽的原因，基本我没吃下去，从而落荒而逃，因此也没有再去品尝有名的海南鸡饭。
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黄盈如请点击下方的“只看该。虽然褒贬不一，但对大家的支持还是深表感谢。没有团队的配合，没有专业的装备，但我俩有自己的追求和梦想。我俩在实践中不断的学习，我俩的户外经验不断的增加，我俩的探险计划不断的完善，我俩的脚步永远不会终止！ 感谢老天给予我俩多次的化险为夷，更感谢老天让我寻觅到生命中的另一半——能和我共同承担风险的娟子。无论在现实生活的社会中，还是在危机四伏的自然界，我俩相互依靠，不离不弃，相信这种感情基础牢靠无比！ 我俩喜欢人迹罕至的地方，因为那里避开了城市的喧嚣，远离了人间的争斗。听到的只有水声，鸟声，风声，涛声。沉醉在大自然的怀抱中是每个驴友所希望的，当然，美丽与风险共存！ 从千里冰封，万里雪飘的东北，到水秀山青，风轻柳细的江南，我俩的旅途充满了欢笑和泪水。迷茫过，沮丧过，成功过，幸福过，但从没有恐惧过，从没有畏缩过。这些对我俩来说，就是理想中的人生！ 每到一处，留下的只有脚步，带走的只有相片。环保需要从我做起，人人做起。爱护大自然，就是爱护我们自己，也是爱护我们的后代。中国的雾霾，举世震惊，就连深山之中也不能幸免。我们还会拥有多少蓝天净土呢？ 一部老相机，记录了我俩旅途的点滴，留住了难忘的瞬间。还能让我俩在今后的日子里，翻阅从前的回忆。同时感谢8264，为我们提供了交流与学习的平台，也让无数的人中毒不浅！ 废话说了一大堆，该进入正了。这次我和娟子二人挑战的是一座孤岛中阴森庞大的洞穴，还有山民口中描述的明末清初的一座鬼宅。（我的文化不高，什么高中大学和我无缘，写不出妙笔生花的文字，东北人讲究实在，就用最朴实的大白话来叙述吧，请众位驴友见谅！）上篇：孤岛烟儿炮鬼吹灯 这次出游，本意我和娟子打算在大山深处湖中泛舟，欣赏美景。 却无意当中得知，在湖中一座岛上，有一个极其恐怖的洞穴。据山民所讲，几十年前，曾有人找到了这个洞穴，不知何故将洞口凿大，进洞的几人回来后，对洞穴闭口不谈，不久这几人有的身患暴病而死，有的遭遇横祸而亡，无一幸免。从此，这个洞穴再也无人敢进。我和娟子得知后，打听了好几个老人，终于问清洞穴的具体方位。我俩决定一探究竟。 我在这里给亲爱的驴友们一点提示，户外运动风险级别高的，尽量不要轻易挑战。如果喜欢探洞，可以选择一些已经探明而且难度不大的洞穴，探洞之前，多学习一些和洞穴有关的知识，装备很重要，最好有向导，至少三人以上团队，洞口有接应人员。我和娟子虽然也懂这些，但克制不住内心冒险的欲望，虽然积累了一点探洞经验，但像我俩这样，风险系数还是很大，所以请大家以我俩为戒，切勿效仿。 湖中泛舟和在岛上丛林中两天寻洞的详细经历，如果一并发出，这个帖子就太琐碎了，有时间整理一下另外发帖吧。山民所指的这个洞穴，位于湖中最大的一座岛屿上，孤岛由四座山包组合而成。 INTEX68349充气船，价格不高，比较实用，质量也不错，可以一船两用。今年南方酷暑，我在船里加上冷水，再冻几块冰扔进去，人泡在水里上网，几个小时后连骨头都是凉的，浑身打颤，非常爽。而在水中泛舟，划起来一点儿也不费劲儿。 天空中一只苍鹰在我俩头顶盘旋。 这是湖中最大的岛，所以很好找。划到孤岛边上，弃船上岸。这里很偏僻，可以看见野猫的爪印和粪便。一个多月没下雨了，湖水的水位下降了很多。 岛上的丛林还处在原始状态，行走起来非常艰难。由于事先并没打算爬山，所以穿的鞋子也不合适。途中见到两条乌梢蛇在晒太阳，它们吸收热量在为冬眠做准备。 在丛林和岩壁中穿行了三个多小时，也没找到洞口，当晚我和娟子就借宿在附近山村一个孤身老婆婆的家里。第二天又仔细询问了几个人，重新划船来到孤岛上，搜寻了多半天的功夫，在大概的方位找到了水流痕迹。顺着这些痕迹，终于找到了洞穴的入口。淘宝双12，秒杀冲锋衣就要开始了，先去抢购，马上回来更新。淘宝回来，继续更新中。。。。。。 由于这次出来没想探洞，所以随身只带了一把手电。我在洞口观察了一会儿，就和娟子返回了。 探洞的纪录片，我和娟子几乎看遍了。类似《地理中国》，里面有一个共同点，就是采访洞穴附近的村民，他们都把洞穴说的神乎其神，异常恐怖。其实洞穴的危险性，我和娟子也很了解，但绝对不相信什么妖魔鬼怪之说。所以我俩商定，还是进入这个洞穴一探究竟。 三天后，我俩又重新来到了这个地方。 面对黑漆漆的洞口，相信很多人，包括一些老爷们儿，也会感到紧张。不过娟子是典型的女汉子，天生大胆，不让须眉。 进入洞穴后，洞道向下延伸，洞腔比较高，地面也较平坦 。行进大概二十多米，洞道一拐，出现一个40平方米的洞厅。之后洞道开始弯弯曲曲，我俩也完全进入到了黑暗之中。 探洞首先应该注意的是洞内氧气是否够用。由于 CO2 密度是空气的 1.53 倍，所以它常常沉在洞底。但也不是所有洞底 CO2 含量都很高，按经验来讲，洞内突然变的温暖了，或鼻子能感觉到有异味，就说明洞道不畅通，这样的地方就要尽量注意。而凉爽、通风和有水流动的洞道一般都是安全的。 娟子小心的点燃了蜡烛，观察到火苗的颜色没有改变，燃烧正常。相反，如果发现火焰闪烁，就表明氧气不足或二氧化碳含量已达3％，这时要特别注意，具体生理反应是呼吸增快、脉搏加快、头痛、眩晕、耳鸣等。二氧化碳含量达到10％时火苗熄灭，会迅速使人致命。（这是科学的验证方法，并非是摸金校尉的“鬼吹灯”为盗墓做准备，哈哈。） 刚进洞的时候，我感觉到有很急的风，可现在立刻风平浪静了。这应该是“烟囱效应”，它是由于洞口或裂隙高度的不同，造成洞内外不同温度的空气自然对流的现象。“烟囱效应”显示很强的季节变化，冬天洞中的热空气由下而上的运动，夏天则相反；而春秋天，在洞内外压力接近的时候，随洞外昼夜温度的变化，出现每日不同时刻的风向变化。洞内湿气很大，洞顶很多地方都在滴水，低洼的地方并有积水出现。水中可以看到几只非常细小的虾在游动。 这里开始出现少量的钟乳石等钙华沉淀。可能出于形成年代早的原因吧，钙华已遭受严重的溶蚀和风化。 前面传来吱吱的叫声。顺声音寻去，在手电的照射下，一群蝙蝠倒挂在洞顶。洞内蝙蝠屎尿的气味不是很浓。我和娟子三探雨扇洞的时候，遭到一只巨型蝙蝠的攻击，深入洞穴后，里面蝙蝠数量太多，屎尿混合的氨气很浓，刺鼻辣眼，后来怕氨中毒，退了出来。希望这里没有庞大的蝙蝠群。 喀斯特溶洞主要是由地下水对石灰岩进行破坏作用而形成的。由于地下水对岩石的破坏以及岩石的崩塌，使得洞穴不断扩展。以后由于地面抬升或地下水水位降低，溶洞就干涸，并露出地表。 对于沿途出现的支洞，有深有浅，我和娟子只是简单看一看，并没深入。我俩一直顺着主通道前行，地势地貌比较明显，所以没做记。 洞道突然变的狭窄，有些地方需要侧身才能挤过。我和娟子身材都不胖，在这方面还是比较占优势。 脚下出现了很大的裂缝。这主要是由于地壳间断上升，使含水层节节下降，结果就形成了由垂直通道相连的重叠式的层状溶洞。如果我和娟子现在所处位置在第一层，那么下面就应该是第二层了。 下面大概能有近十米深。有一定的坡度，不属于垂直竖井。固定好绳索，我俩依次来到底部。 ([]
俏黄蓉之洞房花烛
赖宏达终于下决心开贴了，这次旅行回来已经一年多了，最近事情比较多，自己也对码字很头疼，今天浏览一番去年的旅游照片，再不写点东西，有些事情的细节可能就会遗忘了。 喜欢旅游的人，对欧洲是很向往的，10多年之前已经去过二次，一次是单位的福利，走马观花的15天10多个国家，稀里糊涂的就结束了旅行。第二次是陪老妈跟旅行团去的，摆脱不了上车睡觉，下车尿尿，景区拍照，回来啥也不知道的结局。现在岁数大了，有时间国内国外的到处走走看看，这几年也走过不少地方，感觉欧洲还是值得再次深度旅游。 要想玩的好，那绝对不能跟旅游团，自己去的话，行程安排就是个头疼的事情，欧洲那么大，几乎每个角落都有可看可玩的地方，放弃任何地方都是可惜的事，一次玩遍欧洲的话，是件很费力的大事。对着地图研究了很长时间，分两次玩遍欧洲是最好的选择，一次是从最南边的土耳其开始，一路北下，贯穿欧洲到最北边的北极圈。一次是以欧洲中部为主由东到西的环游，每次时间计划在60天左右。 游遍欧洲的旅游计划行程确定好了，让老婆选择先行路线，最后确定先走环游欧洲路线，交通工具是在德国法兰克福租车自驾。 路线确定下来，下面就是证买机票订旅店和租车，这些事情，有很多贴写的很详细，我就不再啰嗦，值得重点说的是，我们去欧洲的机票是北京经俄罗斯中转到法兰克福，已经到了俄罗斯了，为何不办一个俄罗斯过境，顺道去俄罗斯玩一次。申请德证完成后，又成功申请了俄罗斯二次过境证，每次不超过72小时。最后的行程是这样的： 北京出发,法兰克福进出，飞机在莫斯科经停,顺路先去俄罗斯的圣彼得堡.然后到德国的法兰克福,在法兰克福租车，先去海德堡,维尔茨堡，走一段古堡之路，主要游览德国南部众多的古堡和小镇。随后到达布拉格，游玩东欧匈牙利,捷克,斯洛伐克三国。后进奥地利维也纳。再反走阿尔卑斯之路，沿途欣赏色彩浓郁的阿尔卑斯山风光,在起伏平缓的丘陵地带，峻峭的山峰、绿色的森林、古老的乡村、浪漫的山谷,还有迷人的”世界最美乡镇”之称的哈尔施塔特.随后再次进入德国，重温有浓郁色彩的德国小镇和德国巴伐利亚国王的几个皇宫。国王湖和天鹅堡是重点.紧接着就是期盼的瑞士风光，苏黎世进入瑞士，日内瓦出瑞士进入法国，去法国西南部的普罗旺斯看薰衣草，而后去法国著名海滨城市尼斯.沿途游览几个法国城市后直奔西班牙巴塞罗那，观赏马德里附近的几个古镇，流连在各个充满了伊斯兰和古罗马风味的特色城堡。最后去这次的最远端葡萄牙的里斯本。返程途中游览法国西北部海滨城市和卢瓦尔河谷。取道卢森堡到达科隆，走莱茵河谷经科布伦茨到美因茨后回到法兰克福还车。再飞到莫斯科玩2天，最后回北京。预计57天,自驾路线大约1万多公里。路线为：北京—莫斯科—圣彼得堡—莫斯科--法兰克福--海德堡--维尔茨堡--班贝格--纽伦堡--布拉格--布拉迪斯拉发--布达佩斯--维也纳--梅尔克修道院--哈尔施塔特湖--戈绍--萨尔茨堡—国王湖--阿尔卑巴赫—阿亨湖--瓦腾斯水晶--因斯布鲁克---米腾瓦尔德--加米施-帕腾基兴---上阿玛高--林德霍夫宫--普兰湖--菲森--新天鹅堡--列支敦士登--林道--圣加伦--施泰因--苏黎世--卢塞恩--龙疆湖--因特拉肯--劳特布龙嫩--米伦—图恩湖--施皮茨--伯尔尼--马特洪峰--西庸古堡--洛桑--莫尔日--日内瓦--阿纳西--阿维尼翁--薰衣草胜地瓦郎索勒—尼斯--戛纳--马赛--艾克斯--阿尔勒--阿格德--巴塞罗那--萨拉戈萨--马德里—塞哥维亚--阿维拉--托莱多--格拉纳达--科尔多瓦---塞维利亚--梅里达---里斯本--辛特拉--法蒂玛-萨拉曼卡--布尔戈斯--维多利亚--圣塞瓦斯蒂安海滨--比亚里茨--巴约讷---波尔多---图尔--枫丹白露宫--特鲁瓦--卢森堡--科隆--科布伦茨--美因茨--法兰克福—莫斯科—北京。圣彼得堡夏宫莫斯科红场普罗旺斯看薰衣草世界最美乡镇”之称的哈尔施塔特奥地利瑞士尼斯蔚蓝海滨法国卢瓦尔河谷城堡西班牙葡萄牙 有了行程单，证就很好办，住宿我们都是在BOOKING上提前订好，基本上没有变化。租车提前2个月预定，价格有优势。 这次旅行，两个人总花费包括证在内不到8万元人民币。 出门旅游最大的消费就是交通费，我们欧洲环游是自驾，做好行程后，在网上发帖寻找旅伴，有一对绍兴夫妇与我们一啪即合，同步的申请证与订住宿，四个人完成了整个行程，这样，自驾这部分租车费，汽油费，过路费，存车费等四人均摊，费用自然降下来。 住宿费排名第二，根据各自对住宿条件的喜好程度，费用也参差不齐。我们的住宿平均55欧，基本上是中下水平。 饭费也占相当大的比例，我们自带了电饭煲和电磁炉，大部分是自己做饭。在这么长时间总吃西餐人也会疯的。自己做一些顺口的食物，即能保证营养，费用也下降不少。早餐基本上是稀饭和自带的咸菜，再煎鸡蛋或煮鸡蛋，配面包。中餐基本是自带的面包加火腿和各种涂抹料，配牛奶和果汁与蔬菜。晚餐米饭，自做的一荤一素一汤。葡萄酒每晚一瓶是必不可少的节目，牛排，猪排，鸡，鱼是晚餐的主打菜。感觉与在国内自己做菜的费用相差不大，欧洲人在吃饭上是很便宜啊。简单贴一个我们这次旅行的路线图。从图中可以看出，我们的旅行路线基本上就是中世纪神圣罗马帝国的疆域。去一个地方旅游，应该简单了解一下这些地区的历史和人文及信仰。欧洲的历史比较复杂，但从神圣罗马帝国开始就简单的多。这个神圣罗马帝国与罗马凯撒大帝时期的罗马帝国完全是两码事。神圣罗马帝国全称为德意志民族神圣罗马帝国或日耳曼民族神圣罗马帝国，与962年建立，止于1806年。这是一个松散的政治联邦，由王国、大公国、公国、侯国、宗教贵族领地和帝国自由城市组成，他们承认皇帝为最高权威，但各个王国又独立自主。皇帝由七个选帝侯选举产生。这其实就是现在欧盟的鼻祖。帝国的疆域包括近代的德国、奥地利、匈牙利、捷克、斯洛伐克、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡，瑞士，西班牙，葡萄牙，法国东部、意大利北部和中部。帝国的发展历史也是各诸侯国争夺皇位的历史，从15世纪初起，皇位均由奥地利哈布斯堡家族占据，查理五世（1519～1558）是最具代表性的一位君主。他们的大本营是奥地利，匈牙利和捷克斯洛伐克。进入17世纪以后，普鲁士崛起，建立普鲁士王国，随之也就带来了争霸的战争。结局是奥地利哈布斯堡家族惨败。能与神圣罗马帝国相抗衡的只有高卢人，北欧，奥斯曼帝国和欧洲大陆之外的英国。拿破仑的出现打破了这个平衡，16个神圣罗马帝国的成员脱离帝国，加入拿破仑邦联。1806年拿破仑勒令神圣罗马帝国皇帝弗朗茨二世于8月6日放弃神圣罗马帝国皇帝尊号，仅保留奥地利皇帝称号。宣告神圣罗马帝国从此退出历史舞台。1815年，拿破仑战争结束，德意志邦国被并入组织松散的德意志邦联，由奥地利领导。普鲁士新国王威廉一世和卓越的政治家俾斯麦的出现，又一次打破僵局，铁血宰相俾斯麦领导的普鲁士与哈布斯堡家族领导的奥地利展开一场为争夺霸权的普奥战争。站在普鲁士方面的，有梅伦堡、奥尔登堡和北德意志的其他各邦，以及汉堡、不来梅和吕贝克3个自由市和意大利。站在奥地利方面的，有萨克森、汉诺威、巴伐利亚、巴登、符腾堡、黑森一加塞尔、黑森一达姆施塔德和德意志邦联的其他成员国。从大邦国的数量和人口、面积来说，奥地利方面占有优势。但是，从军事实力来说，普鲁士则显然强于对方。但结局是普鲁士大胜，1866年8月23日，奥地利完全退出旧的北德意志联邦。随后的普法战争，普鲁士打败法国，普王威廉一世登基为德国皇帝，德国成为欧陆最强的大国。到此，欧洲各国的格局基本形成。现行的欧盟是不是复辟了过去的神圣罗马帝国我们不得而知，但申根条约的实施却对欧洲大陆的旅游提供了方便。第一天，行程开始。北京机场与绍兴的旅友汇合，洲际航空UN8888 北京 - 莫斯科.起飞0040,到达.0440. 总时长8小时。我们都变成了追日的夸父，由于经纬度的变化，机窗外粉红的彩带一直伴随了我们飞行的大部分时间，这是不是就是传说的永不日落的晚霞？ 准时到达莫斯科伏努科沃VKO机场，出关也很顺利。我们申请了俄罗斯过境证，机票就变为北京--莫斯科往返加莫斯科--法兰克福往返，在莫斯科中转不在同一个机场。今天我们要赶往圣彼得堡。 由于到达时间早，机场快线还没有开始，但第一班公交车611路刚好到达。语言不通，但手机里有莫斯科地铁的照片，拿给司机看，司机点头。莫斯科的公交车没有售票员，市民坐车基本都买公交卡，司机收了我们四人共100P，给一个卡。上车后，打卡才能通过类似公园大门的自动刷卡机进入车厢。来俄罗斯之前，也看过不少人写的游记，都说俄罗斯人粗野，警察也会找麻烦。在车上，小心翼翼的拿出提前打印好莫斯科地铁站名的纸片，与周围人询问下车的地方，还是有人会帮你，坐了将近一个小时，到站后，司机也喊我们该下车了。下公交车，坐红色地铁线去火车站。莫斯科的地铁致是一个红色大写的“M”字，下车后，远远就能看到。从莫斯科去圣彼得堡的火车站在莫斯科地铁红线的Комсомольской（中文叫共青团站）(红线跟环线的交叉站)站，这个站棕线上的站台很漂亮。 俄罗斯人大多数不会讲英语，去俄罗斯旅游，打印一些日常用语带在身边有很大的帮助。贴一些我找到的俄罗斯常用语。城市名字：1．莫斯科Москва 2．圣彼得堡Санкт-Петербург莫斯科景点：1．列宁墓 мавзолей ленина 2．圣瓦西里大教堂Храм Василия Блаженного 3．克林姆林宫Кремль 4．新圣女公墓НоводевичьеклаL9;дбище5．克里姆林宫Кремль6．红场 красная площадь 7．历史博物馆 Государственный Исторический музей 8．瓦西里升天大教堂 Храм Василия Блаженного9．地下商场Охотный ряд10广场манежная площадь 11．普希金造型艺术馆 Государственный музей изобразительных искусств им. А.С. Пушкина 12．大剧院Большой Театр (Bolishoi Teatr 13．跳蚤市场Вернисаж （Vernisaj ） 14．莫斯科大马戏团 Большой московский цирк 15.新圣女修道院Hоводевечий Монастырь 16特列季亚科夫画廊Государственная третьяковскаягалерея1．十月火车站МОСКВА ОКТЯБРЬСКАЯ 2．库尔斯克火车站МОСКВА КУРСКАЯ3．雅罗斯拉夫火车站 МОСКВА ЯРОСЛАВСКАЯ 4．白俄罗斯火车站МОСКВА БЕЛОРУССКАЯ 5．地铁共青团站Комсомольской 6．圣彼得堡主火车站САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ-ГЛАВН.7．库尔斯克地铁站КУРСКАЯ 8．白俄罗斯地铁站БЕЛОРУССКАЯ9．起义广场地铁站Площадь Восстания10．游击队站（跳蚤市场）Партизанская 11．麻雀山站Воробьёвы горы12．大学站Университет 13．基督救世主教堂Храм ХристаСпасителя14．老阿尔巴特街Старая улица Арбат15．莫斯科的列宁格勒火车站： MOSKVA OKTYABR'SKAYA 16．全俄展览中心地铁站：ВДНХD．日常用语：1．地铁 метро2．入口 вход（夫货的） 3．出口 выход（威货的）4．售票处 касса5．票 билет 6．厕所 туалет（阿列特）7．谢谢 спасибо 8．对不起 извините9．火车站 вокзал；Железнодо10．公共汽车 автобус 11．退票 возврат билета.12．票数билет в Суздаль в13．时间 пожалуйста.14．银行банк（班克）15．注册就是暂住证регистрация 16．行李寄存处Камера хранения17．城际列车Пригородный поезд 18．直达谢尔盖耶夫的城际列车站Ярославский Вокзал 19．汽车站остановка 20．硬卧плацкарт, platzkart. 21．纯软卧那种мягкий22．软卧包厢купе(kupe)圣彼德堡景点： 1．彼得宫城（夏宫）Петродворец 2．普希金城（皇村）Царское Село3．巴甫洛夫斯克ПАВЛОВСК 4．克鲁泡特金地铁站Кропоткинская 5．叶卡捷琳娜宫ДворецЕкатерины 6．斯莫尔尼宫ДворецСмольный 7．滴血大教堂Спас на Крови 8．尤苏波夫宫Юсуповский дворец 9．彼得保罗要塞Петропавловская Крепость食物：1．红菜汤（罗宋汤）．Борщ 2鱼子酱Икра 3．煎饼Блины 4．烤肉Шашлык 5．克瓦斯Квас 6．三文鱼семга 7．某种红鳟鱼форель 8．少盐的слабосоленный 9．烟熏的подкопченный 10．矿泉水негазированный出地铁站首先看到的建筑。 回头看是地铁出站口。 这里有3个火车站（喀山，亚罗斯拉夫，列宁格勒），我们当时也不知道那个是去圣彼得堡的火车站，拿着打印好的纸片问旁边的警察，警察很热心的指给我们看对面。我拿出相机拍对面的火车站，把警察摄入也没有引起他的不满意。谁说莫斯科警察不好惹？ 我拍照时，一对年轻情侣过来主动要求拍照，并作出夸张的表情，与我们做友好的互动，霎时间，对莫斯科民众的那些不友好传说完全消失。 买票时得知，今天早晨去圣彼得堡的快速火车只有两趟车，现在已经没有票了，下午有一班车，只有几张剩票。赶紧掏钱买票。价格是真心贵。这就是我们不懂外文的弊病，如果能在国内提前在俄罗斯铁网上订票，不仅不会发生这样的事，价格还会便宜不少。 改变计划，先存包在火车站，在附近吃早饭，然后坐地铁去红场。 大街一角矗立着列宁的雕像。列宁是俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国（世界上第一个社会主义国家）的缔造者、布尔什维克党的创始人、十月革命的主要领导人、第一届苏维埃政府人民委员会主席。我在很小的时候就看过原苏联录制的描写列宁一生的电影----“列宁在1918”。如果没有列宁，苏联也可能会走向大部分欧洲皇家变革的君主立宪制。如果真是那样，世界的格局不知道要变成什么样子？ 莫斯科地铁票已经涨价。单次票40P。20次票540P，进入后，可以随意转车，也可以多人使用一张卡。 贴一张莫斯科地铁图和红场周围景点图。 莫斯科地铁车厢太落伍了，没有空调，上边有个小窗户开着，跑起来后声音震耳欲聋，倒是可以吹点凉风进来。中国中车可以打进俄罗斯市场，提供些现代化的车厢了。 车厢不怎么样，但地铁站太值好好看看了，索科尔站的苍穹顶、斯摩棱斯克站的圆柱式大厅、基辅站的巨大拱门大厅和巨型壁画(以十月革命为主)、白俄罗斯站的英雄群雕、诺沃斯洛波德站的民族风格壁画、普希金站诗一般的圣洁、高尔基站(现改名为特维尔站)的神韵，以及最美丽的被誉为“20世纪建筑艺术精品”的马雅可夫斯基站..... 坐地铁来到红场（Okhotnt ryad，红线，绿线，蓝线的交叉站）。红场的意思是“美丽的广场”，“红色”在俄语里包含“美丽”的意思。地面全部由条石铺成，既独特又显得古老而神圣。红场是莫斯科人的骄傲，它是莫斯科的中心广场，见证了莫斯科的历史变化。首先来到二战英雄朱可夫骑马的雕像前，他身后是国家历史博物馆。我们只有上午的一点时间，只能走马观花看看红场的外景了。 朱可夫骑马雕像的右前方是国家杜马。 国家博物馆的右边，在俄罗斯式的凯旋门前有一个蓝顶绿墙的小教堂，教堂门口有人围着的地上有个铜的圆环，这个就是莫斯科的市中心的志，站上去扔个硬币吧，据说是可以带来好运。([]
a版七仙女
朱玟秀——前序—— 是的，我又犯了拖沓的毛病，不晓得是因为此行归来身边突发的一些变故，还是因为深秋过后必然是冬的慵懒，总之，惰性在身心里肆意蔓延,让十.一的游记一拖再拖。几天前一个偶然的机会为一位好友翻开“七藏沟”的相片，曾经的时光乍现眼前，让我不由自主的在行前的户外讨论群里敲打上一句“我，打算写游记了……”是的，就这样，就这样轻轻地想念一下，心，便微微的悸动在行云流水的路上——记忆沿着来路，彷佛眉眼处所见到的“七藏沟”的秋色就像刚出窑的青花瓷，带着一抹薄薄的紫蓝色的晕绽放着令人怦然心动的美……——记 低首尘埃，让我们在这个冬季共同找回那份秋天的绚烂，和路上那个真实而温暖的你……是的，时间带不走浓于水的亲情，岁月留不住虚幻的友情，真正的情谊无需想起，因为，因为我们从未忘记——无论她（他）在或不在，你我都会惦念。今天，在这里，愿我那情如父母的亲人不再受尽病痛的折磨；愿此行分别后不久因交通事故离去的队友“小陈”在天堂里依旧会快乐行走……——记 生命从开始就注定了是一次出人意料的奇遇，无论从哪里启程，与亲人，与朋友，一旦相遇谁都无法拒绝和抗拒。但愿这一辈子我们都能带着一份美好的憧憬，笃定在一段共同的旅程上，不论分别后是再一次相逢的拥抱,还是从此化作深深的缅怀，我们都要感谢生命，感谢生活，感谢所有的“遇见你”……——记 是的，你可以说我矫情，只是我知道，知道这里的每一个字符都包含着梦想的痕迹，每一张色彩都代表着脚步丈量的行径，我是真心的怀念这段曾经走过的路和那路上的朋友，希望这一路无论是相得还是相失，愿我们都能记得今生的这段美好。今天，我愿把记忆中的这些东西在这里倾诉，送给所有热爱户外生活的朋友，也希望它们能漂洋过海、翻山越岭送给远方的队友——只为曾随心而行……——记1、队长：江西赣州的“窗边的小豆” 2、队友：安徽合肥的“渐行渐远”3、队友：上海的“牛马岁月”4、队友：上海的“小陈” 5、队友：广西柳州的“东南（烧烤大叔）”6、队友：广西柳州的“冰点”7、队友：浙江宁波的“一森”8、队友：江苏连云港的“大灰狼”9、队友：提前下撤的浙江温州的“山鹰山音”10、队友：提前下撤的浙江温州的“随心”11、队友：提前下撤的广东深圳的“Joey”([]
绿巨人18🔞
邓柏毅每当回想起那些行走的时光，脑海里就会浮现出喜怒哀乐！每当看到旅行结束后拍摄的照片，是否又仿佛回到那行走中的场景和梦境！每当我要用键盘敲写记录一次长线经历时，我真的不知道该如何去描述自己的经历和感受！全球首发-- 海拔6691米的未登峰比如它索峰高清大图（转载请注明出处）https//www.9ku.com/share/true_457712/singleplayer.swf为了方便查看每日更新，这里编辑汇总了每天的链接地址，请点击查看：拉萨段（17楼起）林芝段--月圆之日相聚林芝，追梦、渴望让心相连。。。（299楼起）徒步D1--沉重的脚步，踏上追梦之旅。。。（340楼起）户外知识之野外生火（407楼）徒步D2--晴朗的天空，视觉的盛宴。。。（408楼起）户外知识之藏区注意事项（444）徒步D3--迷失和伤痛，也决不放弃。。。（470楼起）徒步D4--生命的尝试，是否真的值得。。。（510楼起）徒步D5--淡淡秋意，壮美的杰拉山谷。。。（551楼起）徒步D6--离别（599楼起）徒步D7--无休止的攀爬。。。（731楼起）徒步D8--令人窒息的观景台（782楼起）徒步D9--Chuchepo冰川（874楼起）徒步D10--大自然的毁灭（975楼起）户外知识之常规垃圾处理(1013楼起）徒步D11-12--艰难的穿越之旅，我们不舍离别（1033楼起）。。。全文完。。。 这是一次追梦的历程，这也是一次只有勇敢者才能完成的探路穿越活动！西藏阿尔卑斯B线探路，我们途中经历太多坎坷和危险路段，大部分队员都背负着十二天食物和装备，负重都在20-30公斤。迈着沉重的脚步，队员们心中都充满着期待和探索欲望；走在艰难的道路上，你们很勇敢。虽然十几天的经历，会给人在情绪和身体上带来极大的折磨和摧残，但最终，我们追随梦的脚步，完成了这次艰难而又极具富有挑战的野外探路穿越！海拔6455米的比如它索峰卫二峰 今年的长线计划最初的想法来自于2011年的一篇山峰讨论贴，念青唐古拉山东段的山脉让我大为吸引，在去年国庆时成功组队西藏阿尔卑斯A线探路，但因行程中有一名队员严重高反，而后第四天我自愿放弃穿越随即陪同安全下撤，遗憾中带有希望，未完的行程也带给我一丝的梦想，让我在今年有了重返那片神秘的梦想之地！海拔6018米的未登峰 念青唐古拉山脉位于青藏高原的东南，西接冈底斯山脉，东南延伸与横断山脉伯舒拉岭相接，中部略为向北凸起，地理上将西藏划分成藏北、藏南、藏东南三大区域。念青唐古拉自西向东绵长700公里，终年白雪皑皑，念青唐古拉山脉有2905条冰川，面积5898平方公里，覆盖了这一地区总面积的大约7%。如果加上附近1638平方公里的梅里雪山冰川，冰川的总面积将达到7536平方公里，在中国的冰川地区中排第四位，总面积相当于欧洲阿尔卑斯地区冰川面积的1.7倍。这里有逾百座6000米以上的山峰未曾攀登过，迷人的高傲雪峰和河谷环绕着一个个风景如画、历史悠久的村镇，加之点缀其间的无数冰川、湖泊令人们想起欧洲的阿尔卑斯山区，一些国外登山家称这里为“西藏的阿尔卑斯”。Nenang乃朗峰(6870米)被陡峭的雪壁和危险的山脊所拱卫，惊险的金字塔形山峰Kajaqiao高耸入云端，令人印象非常深刻，还有很多诱人的未登峰在等待攀登者们的光临。 12天高海拔重装无向导，无马匹，无背夫；这次队伍有点大，出发时总共11人，七名队友完成12天穿越，有一位队友第三天清晨下撤，还有三人在第六天下午安全下撤(后续更新中会描述下撤原因)；全程平均海拔在4600米左右，途中翻越两个接近5400米的垭口，行程中最低海拔3798米，最高海拔5395米，总里程约超过141公里。 追梦的足迹，无畏的勇者，感谢一路走来的队友，感谢你们与我共进的心，感谢兄弟姐妹你们在旅途中的喜怒哀乐，也感谢这次梦想活动戈尔公司和ozark品牌的支持！这是一次让我记忆永生的野外穿越活动。。。团队介绍：这次行程遗憾的是没有给队友们拍靓照，下面的合照简单介绍下队员，根据下图从左到右 涛声：资深户外爱好者，丰富的带队经验及山野户外经验。这是第一次与他同行，体能和意志力都非常棒，善于言谈。真心感谢一起走过顺利完成这次穿越！ 夹子：随行影像拍摄者，这是他第一次高海拔重装长线，他的负重已经超出他以往重量的几倍了，虽然刚开始行走时非常辛苦，但能一起走过了，并且坚持到第六天下撤，真的不容易。 执着鸟：资深户外爱好者，一起走过多次的好友。她的耐力和负重都比较优越，高海拔适应非常快，也是全程完成穿越的队员之一，这次她的负重已经超过了22公斤！ 板凳熊：随行媒体，高原经验丰富，体能和意志力也都非常好，只是在负重方面略显不足，性格非常随和，一路走在前队都是有说有笑！这次因她个人原因，也是在第六天下撤队员之一。 小鸽子：资深户外爱好者，连续两年一起长线的队友！MM虽然很瘦小，但她的高原适应能力非常强，负重、体能和意志力都很好，也是全程穿越完成队员之一。在途中偶尔会有些埋怨和泄气，但我从内心真心理解和体谅，12天穿越对于她太不容易了！最后几天看着小鸽子走的真是辛苦，能一起坚持到最后我们都是胜利的！ 辉仔：资深户外爱好者，有着丰富的长线和高海拔经验，体能和意志力都非常棒，这次全程都基本在前队，全程完成穿越队员之一！虽然一路上有些调皮和个性凸显，但还是很好相处的，也是个难得的开心果。 帐篷：资深户外爱好者，前锋队员，一路都是在前队，丰富的高原和长线经验，体能和耐力都非常棒。虽然他不太善于言谈，但也是全程完成穿越的队员之一，这次出行他的嘴唇可真是苦恼了他！ 寒江：资深户外爱好者，连续两年一起长线的队友，负重和高原适应能力都不错！喜欢摄影，这次为了减重他既然单反都没有带，只是携带了卡片机，这是我意想不到的！但意想不到的是他在第六天因为个人原因必须要下撤，大家也都能理解，可真心能希望他一起走完全程，这也是这次出行的遗憾！ 星星点灯：资深户外爱好者，一起走过多次的好友。丰富的山野户外经验，背负能力和意志力都非常棒，精通厨艺，途中营地晚餐他的煎饼可是绝活啊！也是全程完成穿越队员之一。 孙磊：随行媒体，单车和徒步爱好者，这次出行他好像是第一次背负20公斤以上，行走在高海拔地区，高原适应缓慢，第二天下午就感觉他走的很辛苦，晚上只好劝说他第三天清晨沿着来路尽快下撤。也是第一次与他同行，了解甚少！ 中国龙：本人，发帖者，召集着，相机后面的人！喜欢重装阿式自助野外穿越，喜欢和有共同爱好的山友一起行走在大自然中，探索和欣赏未知的世界！补发一张在林芝宾馆门前出发时拍的11人全家福 传奇的“喀斯特洞穴” 布如沟风光 行走在尼屋藏布山谷的原始森林中 一年一次的长线计划，已经成为平时生活中的精神支柱，没有太多的追求和目的，只是为了这份兴趣，和有共同爱好的山友一起行走在美妙的大自然中，感受大自然拥有的神奇和魅力！！！ 线路简介：西藏的阿尔卑斯B线，是本人原创精心策划和设计的线路！位于念青唐古拉山东段，地处林芝的西北方向，那曲嘉黎县东南方向，距离林芝和嘉黎县都是一百多公里，虽然距离不远，从林芝方向到达徒步起点，包车还是比较方便，但如果从嘉黎县包车到达徒步终点的位置就相对危险很多，沿途峡谷、急流，山路崎岖，基本都是碎石路面，时而会有落石和滑坡现象，夜间和雨季更不要冒然行进。公路路况不好，交通不便且非常危险！这次的徒步起点为娘蒲乡，终点为忠于乡。南北气候差异较大，途中遇到冰雹，雨雪，冰川，河流，乱石坡，碎石坡，森林，沼泽，草甸，沙石路，河滩，断崖等等路况及天气。整条线路对于高海拔适应还是比较合理的，但危险性相对较高，有好几处危险路段，而且有几处容易迷路！线路攻略：至此这条线路游记公布后，不少朋友咨询，在此还是简单写写关于线路的一些重要节点和危险路段，及线路行进的相关事项和建议：整条线路可以划分为两部分，既从娘蒲乡到崩嘎村可以划分为第一部分，崩嘎村到忠于乡为第二部分，这里重点说说第一部分：第一部分线路安排：行程：娘蒲乡（3798）--扎拉1号垭口（5395）--杰拉山谷（4190）--崩嘎村（3800）,行程为重装五天，注意事项：从娘蒲乡出发头两天虽然有大路行进，但还是建议全程徒步行走，布如沟的风光非常美，也为翻越后面5400米左右的扎拉1号垭口做海拔适应。队伍行进在第二天以后尽量不要落单，注意预防大型野生动物（如狗熊，黑熊等等），行进至第三天树林时，这里容易迷路，尽量在有经幡的附近寻找小路行走。扎拉1号垭口是根据多个地图数据得知的另外一个扎拉垭口而命名的，也是原本计划翻越的未知垭口，整片狭小的山谷区域都可以叫做扎拉。翻越垭口的路况艰难，陡峭，地形相对复杂，大片的乱石坡和冰川遗留，行进中要切记量力而行，控制队伍的行进范围。扎拉1号垭口至杰拉山谷路段基本都能找到小路行走，但途中也会有部分过头顶的灌木林，遇到时尽量队伍保持紧凑，避免迷路造成不必要的麻烦。杰拉山谷至崩嘎村有明显的藏民小道。线路延展：到达崩嘎村后可以安排两天时间前往琼波戈措观景台营地，往返线路观看雪山和冰川景观，切记，山路陡峭，攀升较大，山坡后半段路迹不明显，有迷失方向的可能，下山要注意保护，防止滑落。由于第二部分的线路未知性太多，翻越罗琼拉垭口也是相对危险性较大，前后的冰川和山体的风化不确定因素较多，从综合考虑，不建议前往行走。而后面的尼屋藏布山谷由于13年7月堰塞湖的灾难，导致当地地形和道路变化极大，出行非常不方便，要是今年的雨季和雪季后，还不知道道路和地形会有什么样变化，不可抗拒因素太多，所以非常不建议这几年再次前往，再者忠于乡当地政府已经不让游客进入，所以想要反向行进的朋友也最好打消这样的念头，安全第一，尼屋藏布那边的道路地形复杂，几年内还是很难恢复的！在此忠告山友们，望能理解！此攻略为本人提示和建议，途中所遇到任何危险和突发事件均已本人无关，请客观的评估您行进的队伍，做好风险预案！ 第三天快到营地时，经过一片很好的草甸，回望队友们行走的一瞬间。。。 这次长线本人所有装备负重清单：服装类：ActionFox帽子 50GTX魔术头巾 25太阳眼镜 50奥索卡冲锋衣 560速干衣 200奥索卡羽绒服670抓绒手套 55内裤3条115抓绒裤 350奥索卡GTX冲锋裤425雪套1双120袜子四双 200服装类共计：2820 露营工具类：GG B80背包加防雨罩：3100帐篷 2550900克白鹅绒，700蓬松度睡袋 1550防潮充气垫 350火凤炉头加盒子 200大个套锅加收缩袋 170保温杯 550筷子加勺子 40熟料大碗加克重杯 110手电加绳子（小手电）：2518节五号电池 450水果刀35毛巾 15牙刷牙膏 100打火机 40防水袋 100四个高山气罐 1480露营工具类共计：10865 行进工具类：GPS（不包电池） 150对讲机加天线加一块电池 240对讲机两块电池 180120编带 75冰爪770行进工具类共计：1415 电器和电源类：单反套机（18-135镜头，相机电池，内存卡） 1100广角镜头 480三块单反电池 150四个内存卡加读卡器 20移动电源加布套加充电头和线 210单反相机电池充电器150手机加两块电池225电器和电源类共计：2335 其他必备物品：身份证、银行卡、相片、现金**、嘉黎县暂住证 50垃圾袋、相机吹气筒、相机布 100行程单、保险单相关信息、行程冰川路段相片 50大地图一张 550防晒霜 100其他必备物品共计：850 香葱加香菜干 150榨菜6X50 300紫菜2包 40盐，鸡精，黑胡椒 350酱油和油 550调料配菜类总计：1390 早餐大米加玉米粒50x12 600路餐150x12 1800晚餐250x12 3000+多出的1500克小包装奶茶六包22X6132 食品正餐总计：7032 三脚架加快门线：1075 全部装备及物品总计：27782克红色部分为必须穿戴物品，所列的重量没有包括鞋子！其中这次十二天穿越，食品到最后穿越完成时早晚餐还有余量，路程是刚好合适！早餐的余下是因为途中有好几天是跟队友一起吃，自己的这份食物就没有用到，加上早餐大米做粥配榨菜，吃到后面真不想吃了。这次尝试了队友小鸽子的鹅肠粉特别好吃，口味比较适合我，又轻便，而易熟，缺点是易碎！下次的长线早餐还需改良！路餐，算是最满意的一次，在北京买的小包装芝麻饼和板栗，口味非常好，这两样食物都是50克一小袋，非常方便，每份准备了12袋。马来西亚巧克力，也是50克一小袋，缺点是吃到最后有点腻了，以后长线只会考虑带芝麻饼和板栗了！晚餐，手工面疙瘩汤配紫菜和葱花香菜，加上汤汁非常美味，制作方法完全是我家乡的做法！每餐250克面粉左右，有时候早餐还会想吃就再做点！面粉真是很方便，可以做煎饼，手工葱花饼，疙瘩汤等等。这些工艺和食材都是很容易在野外实现的！在林芝宾馆拍摄的部分装备 西藏是很多人的梦想之地，拉萨是西藏的省会，今年是第二次到西藏了！给人的印象还是那么好，空气新鲜，天空晴朗。。。 离出行很近了，这次出行约定的集合地是在林芝，考虑到有时间能提前到西藏，所以这次我和队友执着鸟先行到达拉萨，会合队友涛声再一起前往林芝集合！九月15日和队友执着鸟乘飞机抵达拉萨，激动的心情依然是那样的熟悉。这一次是执着鸟第一次来西藏，也是第一次看见藏区的风光，我对她说在西藏这样的风景和天气真是太多了，可她依然控制不住端着相机咔嚓咔嚓不停的照。。。匆匆忙忙已过中午时分，安顿好住宿后，就和队友到处闲逛，等待晚上另一名队友涛声的到来！队友执着鸟 9月16日涛声，我，还有执着鸟，我们三名队员在拉萨闲逛随拍。。。 顺时针围绕着布达拉宫行走，这里似乎一直都很多人，沿途都有转经筒。。。 布达拉宫后面的小公园风景还是非常好的、、、 这不知道是鸭子还是鸽子，能飞能游。。。是不是黄嘴鸥？还是红嘴鸥。。。 蓝天白云与公园的景观完美结合。。。 公园里已经有秋意的感觉。。。 月圆之日相聚林芝，追梦、渴望让心相连。。。 林芝地处西藏东南部，地区政府驻林芝县八一镇。雅鲁藏布江中下游，其西部和西南部分别与拉萨、山南两地市相连，东部和北部分别与昌都地区、那曲地区相连，南部与印度、缅甸两国接壤。林芝平均海拔3100米，总面积116175平方公里，总人口14万人。被称为西藏的江南，以世界上最深的峡谷——雅鲁藏布江大峡谷著称于世。林芝的森林原始景观保存完好，高原挺拔的西藏古柏、喜玛拉雅冷杉、植物活化石“树蕨”以及百余种杜鹃等等应有尽有，素有“天然的自然博物馆”、“自然的绿色基因库”之称。 九月18日我们一行三人从拉萨前往林芝，激动的心情克制不住我们对追梦之路的期待，临近了，是否还在想起那些盼望很久的目的地和沿途的风景！这是我第一次前往林芝，之前在地图上研究过多次，可没想到时间如流水般，让我与林芝近距离相处！大概下午五点左右，到达林芝提前安排的住处，与在此守候多日的队员辉仔回合。。。辉仔来自广东，早前在北京一起走过山，风趣，幽默，加上些少许调皮，有时候也很个性啊，但还是个好队友。他在林芝地区差不多住了一个月，每天都盼望着我们的到来！这可不，相见如归，满脸的胡须已经完全使他变了一个样，让我们个个都大吃一惊！又惊又喜，三两队员就这样聊上了。今天我们已经四名队员，明天19日是我们的集合日期，其余队友都会陆续到达。晚上，四人相聚畅聊，一起吃了一顿美味砂锅蹄子。。。19日下午11名队员都已陆续抵达会和。相聚不如说是团聚和巧遇，这天刚好是中秋节，明天也是我们出行的日子，怎么也得吃顿好的，也算是行前大餐，让大家开心点，进山后可没有这么好的条件了！这样一拍即合，吃石锅鸡，买月饼。。。哎，还是那句话，这次遗憾的没有给队员们拍靓照。。。我和辉仔（右）在路上的合照（小鸽子拍摄） 涛声，徒步第一天拍摄19日先行到的队员们在林芝街区闲逛。前排夹子（左）和孙磊18日我前往鲁朗会友，路上经过垭口时拍摄。。。19日下午天空突变，闪电雷鸣，雨后出现很大很宽的双道彩虹。。。([]
我朋友的丈夫韩语中字
曹雅晴Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, ";Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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