抖阴富二代69视频
林丽弘 41215万字 34019人读过 连载
朋友去美国公干，俺正好没事就一起去混几天。游车河，拍拍照，吃吃饭。下了飞机，租了台车，开到海边...没啥人，整个沙滩就当你的就好开始不知道这捅是干啥的，后来明白了，垃圾筒。保持清洁人人有责... 漫步海边，走老远看到一个放遥控飞机的一个跑步的一个晒太阳的 栈桥一座海岸巡逻车一台海边安静的只能听到波浪声 开着车沿海岸线没目的的前行享受安静轻松的日子 沙滩 另一个栈桥边终于看到人了，已经开出去百十来公里了这兄弟俩是开摩托车四处周游的，也不象美国人海鸥 孤寂的感觉挺好，国内天天都想战斗着，难得放松 难得什么都不想，也可以想很多... 停车海边，同行的小熊说： 拍我，拍我！ 哈哈 不知为啥，俺一直拍女孩子拍的很不好！！！ 她没事也试试身手我也拍 祖国就在那边 滑翔 ＋ 冲浪 天色见暗 海边的风景 朋友也开完会了，海边相聚 外国的月亮待续.......([]
最新章节： 第521章 皇冠 （ 2024-06-04 03:24:13）
更新时间： 2024-06-04 07:31:53
- 第1章 我成了反派的挂件 我成了反派的挂件最新章节 全文免费阅读
- 第2章 贝壳
- 第3章 中文字幕无码免费久久9一区9 乱人伦精品小说在线阅读
- 第4章 黑太阳731 黑太阳731最新章节 全文免费阅读
- 第5章 玄莺煨(糙汉宠文)全文免费阅读 特级A做爰全过程片无广告弹
- 第6章 天天向上
- 第7章 小莫騒麦 啊好深好硬快点用力别停最新章节列表
- 第8章 万古神帝
- 第9章 东宫
- 第10章 徐子珊退出娱乐圈
- 第11章 十宗罪
- 第12章 欲盖弄潮 欲盖弄潮最新章节 全文免费阅读
- 第13章 李铁上任
- 第14章 赤炼苍穹 最新章节 赤炼苍穹无弹窗 全文免费阅读
- 第15章 男人行不行看腿就知道 男人行不行看腿就知道最新章节 全文
- 第16章 Chinese国语露脸mature 爱情岛永久免费线路最新章节列表
- 第17章 yw193 com网站 69XXXXXXXXXD最新章节列表
- 第18章 勇敢者游戏
- 第19章 伊晨芳 欧美最肥BBW毛大结局
- 第20章 穿越共妻买来的小媳妇 WINDOWS7激活密钥全文免费阅读
- 点击查看 中间隐藏的 99741 章节
- 第549章 宝贝你这里好漂亮 翁公您的好长呀莹莹无广告弹窗
- 第550章 权宠天下元卿凌全文免费阅读最新 最新章节 权宠天下元
- 第551章 修真聊天群
- 第552章 西班牙人战平巴萨特朗普变身灭霸
- 第553章 纯爱8090 可以对女孩做那个的游戏手机全文阅读
- 第554章 凤囚凰19楼 伪装学渣肉车 失禁全文免费阅读
- 第555章 世界最大花朵
- 第556章 阴阳师
- 第557章 易烊千玺
- 第558章 嫁君欢 嫁君欢最新章节 全文免费阅读
- 第559章 金球奖亚裔影后
- 第560章 奇葩说6
- 第561章 美女老总爱上我欲罢不能 国产精品 欧美在线 另类小说最新
- 第562章 斗破苍穹
- 第563章 薛之谦
- 第564章 西游记
- 第565章 小说风流男护理 一本久久A久久精品综合最新章节列表
- 第566章 中学禁止学生网购美军航母逼近伊朗
- 第567章 天眼
- 第568章 美军航母逼近伊朗
伊甸园官网地址
刘嘉慧国庆节闲到3号，想想还有一个星期年假，心血来潮，不如自驾出趟远门，走走大香格里拉环线，心动不如行动，想到第二天就出发，立刻准备起来，好在很多东西平时都有准备才不至于手忙脚乱，不抱希望地打电话给几个好友，可惜都没时间同行，于是和LP两个人4号出发了。 鉴于新都桥到雅江大修路，在新都桥碰到很多去稻城亚丁返回的车友，看到俺的小车直摇头说：你的小车过不去的，于是自驾线路最终是这样地：深圳--肇庆--南宁--百色--富宁--昆明--西昌--海螺沟--新都桥--贡嘎--伍须海--新都桥--塔公--丹巴--四姑娘山--映秀--成都--重庆--贵阳--南宁--梧州--深圳。全程5800多公里。关于拍摄说明主器材LP用一台5D II，自己用 一台5DEF 17--40/4L 主打镜头,一只被大多数摄友笑称为"伪红圈头"的镜头,除了边缘分辨率,紫边等缺点外,出门在外那是非常实用,光圈收到8或11,那成像也是杠杠地EF100--400/4.5-5.6L 俗称的大白,只要上高原,那是俺必备镜头,拉雪山,打兽鸟,进可攻,退可守.EF14/2.8L II佳能最超广的定焦,成像好得令人发指,这次出门仅在有限场合使用了几次.EF24/1.4L II俺从来没见过最大光圈成像比它还结实的镜头,本想带着拍点人文,可惜后来一次没用.辅材Hitech 灰渐变镜一个0.6一个0.9一个反向渐变(一次没用)MASSA 中灰镜一个ND16,一个ND32捷信脚架,冈仁波齐云台,快门线等. 每个地方先贴几张图吧！海螺沟去到磨西太晚，不让俺进沟，第二天一早只好在路边找个角度按下日照贡嘎脚下的万年老冰是不是迟早都要融化？嗯！摸摸老冰，挺凉的！新都桥赶到新都桥，抓住太阳的尾巴蓝天、黄叶、碧水俺都喜欢子梅垭口苦侯两个小时，贡嘎主峰终于掀掉头山的雾纱更高的山头看子梅垭口，其实俺不是嫌得无聊去爬高，而是这个位置才看得到没戴云雾帽的贡嘎主峰本想扎营整夜长曝星星圆轨，无奈这张才曝了20分钟后，LP高反严重，连夜下扯伍须海静谧的伍须海只有俺和LP两人，俺笑称咱们包场了从东边湖赶到西边湖，太阳又才剩尾巴了 塔公草原牛儿肥远观恵远寺，心中充满敬畏雅拉神山进神山的路有些坎坷，小车走得实在苦难，路边咔张到此打住 丹巴丹巴甲居寨到梨花开时，那该有多漂亮啊 四姑娘山早早起来，一个人黑咕隆咚地准备上猫鼻梁拍日照金山，可惜搞错路，一下子摸到长坪沟口不过没耽搁拍到日照幺妹峰 长坪沟长坪沟俺进去的如此之早，碰到猞猁不说，中午出来时工作人员直说俺逃票俺说俺来时你们还睡大觉,如何叫逃票,后来还是补了门票! 双桥沟双桥沟是这次出行之憾，时间没计划后，最后一趟观光车进沟，每个点呆了几分钟高原的天气说变就变，最后还下起了雨好！还是随着俺的镜头按时间顺序慢慢游山玩水吧！从石棉到磨西镇有段烂路难走，赶到磨西镇都下午六点多了，观光车停营了，因为还在国庆长假中，沟里营地的客房全满了，于是只好在镇上住下，想着第二天到何处拍日照金山，店里伙计说很多公路边都看得到啊！想想也是管它是不是贡嘎主峰，只要看得到雪山就行，反正还要去子梅垭口呢！于是安心睡去。第二天一早和LP驾着车出来找位置，没想到镇上转下沟口路边可以看到雪山，就这里拍几张吧！等到八点观光车坐满人终于进沟了，到了3号营地停车场，觉得离雪山不远了！鉴于去年走西藏米堆冰川较辛苦，再考虑到LP无高原徒步经历，于是选择缆车去4号营地缆车只有俺和LP，为拍照提供极大方便这个位置看贡嘎主峰最好，到4号营地反而偏了竖起来拉近看回复 花褂子 的帖子多谢花版鼓励置顶鼓励!handshakehandshake缆车从贡嘎主峰面前缓缓驶过缆车快到站了用大白拉拉主峰再拉近些只听主峰位置下面一阵雪崩的轰鸣声，可惜看不见，但过了一会儿，雪雾飘上来（照片右下脚）周围的卫峰也很漂亮LP说真象冰淇淋啊，好像咬一口，俺说这是神山，要心存敬畏，不要露出吃货本色！回复 阿戈 的帖子是只小牦牛，它很好奇地看着俺拍它，其实离它很近，只是当时用的是超广定焦，透视夸张了距离感。 这是在观景台拍的主峰，位置好像还偏了！LP正用大白拉雪山山谷里飘起了云雾于是走下观景台，亲近冰川，不到100米的高差，轿夫们生意很火，好多游客居然选择坐轿上来，特别看这几个身强力壮的大老爷们在轿子上，心里真不是滋味再看冰川一眼，然后撤退(
朝蝶传媒电脑版
刘均瑜每当回想起那些行走的时光，脑海里就会浮现出喜怒哀乐！每当看到旅行结束后拍摄的照片，是否又仿佛回到那行走中的场景和梦境！每当我要用键盘敲写记录一次长线经历时，我真的不知道该如何去描述自己的经历和感受！全球首发-- 海拔6691米的未登峰比如它索峰高清大图（转载请注明出处）https//www.9ku.com/share/true_457712/singleplayer.swf为了方便查看每日更新，这里编辑汇总了每天的链接地址，请点击查看：拉萨段（17楼起）林芝段--月圆之日相聚林芝，追梦、渴望让心相连。。。（299楼起）徒步D1--沉重的脚步，踏上追梦之旅。。。（340楼起）户外知识之野外生火（407楼）徒步D2--晴朗的天空，视觉的盛宴。。。（408楼起）户外知识之藏区注意事项（444）徒步D3--迷失和伤痛，也决不放弃。。。（470楼起）徒步D4--生命的尝试，是否真的值得。。。（510楼起）徒步D5--淡淡秋意，壮美的杰拉山谷。。。（551楼起）徒步D6--离别（599楼起）徒步D7--无休止的攀爬。。。（731楼起）徒步D8--令人窒息的观景台（782楼起）徒步D9--Chuchepo冰川（874楼起）徒步D10--大自然的毁灭（975楼起）户外知识之常规垃圾处理(1013楼起）徒步D11-12--艰难的穿越之旅，我们不舍离别（1033楼起）。。。全文完。。。 这是一次追梦的历程，这也是一次只有勇敢者才能完成的探路穿越活动！西藏阿尔卑斯B线探路，我们途中经历太多坎坷和危险路段，大部分队员都背负着十二天食物和装备，负重都在20-30公斤。迈着沉重的脚步，队员们心中都充满着期待和探索欲望；走在艰难的道路上，你们很勇敢。虽然十几天的经历，会给人在情绪和身体上带来极大的折磨和摧残，但最终，我们追随梦的脚步，完成了这次艰难而又极具富有挑战的野外探路穿越！海拔6455米的比如它索峰卫二峰 今年的长线计划最初的想法来自于2011年的一篇山峰讨论贴，念青唐古拉山东段的山脉让我大为吸引，在去年国庆时成功组队西藏阿尔卑斯A线探路，但因行程中有一名队员严重高反，而后第四天我自愿放弃穿越随即陪同安全下撤，遗憾中带有希望，未完的行程也带给我一丝的梦想，让我在今年有了重返那片神秘的梦想之地！海拔6018米的未登峰 念青唐古拉山脉位于青藏高原的东南，西接冈底斯山脉，东南延伸与横断山脉伯舒拉岭相接，中部略为向北凸起，地理上将西藏划分成藏北、藏南、藏东南三大区域。念青唐古拉自西向东绵长700公里，终年白雪皑皑，念青唐古拉山脉有2905条冰川，面积5898平方公里，覆盖了这一地区总面积的大约7%。如果加上附近1638平方公里的梅里雪山冰川，冰川的总面积将达到7536平方公里，在中国的冰川地区中排第四位，总面积相当于欧洲阿尔卑斯地区冰川面积的1.7倍。这里有逾百座6000米以上的山峰未曾攀登过，迷人的高傲雪峰和河谷环绕着一个个风景如画、历史悠久的村镇，加之点缀其间的无数冰川、湖泊令人们想起欧洲的阿尔卑斯山区，一些国外登山家称这里为“西藏的阿尔卑斯”。Nenang乃朗峰(6870米)被陡峭的雪壁和危险的山脊所拱卫，惊险的金字塔形山峰Kajaqiao高耸入云端，令人印象非常深刻，还有很多诱人的未登峰在等待攀登者们的光临。 12天高海拔重装无向导，无马匹，无背夫；这次队伍有点大，出发时总共11人，七名队友完成12天穿越，有一位队友第三天清晨下撤，还有三人在第六天下午安全下撤(后续更新中会描述下撤原因)；全程平均海拔在4600米左右，途中翻越两个接近5400米的垭口，行程中最低海拔3798米，最高海拔5395米，总里程约超过141公里。 追梦的足迹，无畏的勇者，感谢一路走来的队友，感谢你们与我共进的心，感谢兄弟姐妹你们在旅途中的喜怒哀乐，也感谢这次梦想活动戈尔公司和ozark品牌的支持！这是一次让我记忆永生的野外穿越活动。。。团队介绍：这次行程遗憾的是没有给队友们拍靓照，下面的合照简单介绍下队员，根据下图从左到右 涛声：资深户外爱好者，丰富的带队经验及山野户外经验。这是第一次与他同行，体能和意志力都非常棒，善于言谈。真心感谢一起走过顺利完成这次穿越！ 夹子：随行影像拍摄者，这是他第一次高海拔重装长线，他的负重已经超出他以往重量的几倍了，虽然刚开始行走时非常辛苦，但能一起走过了，并且坚持到第六天下撤，真的不容易。 执着鸟：资深户外爱好者，一起走过多次的好友。她的耐力和负重都比较优越，高海拔适应非常快，也是全程完成穿越的队员之一，这次她的负重已经超过了22公斤！ 板凳熊：随行媒体，高原经验丰富，体能和意志力也都非常好，只是在负重方面略显不足，性格非常随和，一路走在前队都是有说有笑！这次因她个人原因，也是在第六天下撤队员之一。 小鸽子：资深户外爱好者，连续两年一起长线的队友！MM虽然很瘦小，但她的高原适应能力非常强，负重、体能和意志力都很好，也是全程穿越完成队员之一。在途中偶尔会有些埋怨和泄气，但我从内心真心理解和体谅，12天穿越对于她太不容易了！最后几天看着小鸽子走的真是辛苦，能一起坚持到最后我们都是胜利的！ 辉仔：资深户外爱好者，有着丰富的长线和高海拔经验，体能和意志力都非常棒，这次全程都基本在前队，全程完成穿越队员之一！虽然一路上有些调皮和个性凸显，但还是很好相处的，也是个难得的开心果。 帐篷：资深户外爱好者，前锋队员，一路都是在前队，丰富的高原和长线经验，体能和耐力都非常棒。虽然他不太善于言谈，但也是全程完成穿越的队员之一，这次出行他的嘴唇可真是苦恼了他！ 寒江：资深户外爱好者，连续两年一起长线的队友，负重和高原适应能力都不错！喜欢摄影，这次为了减重他既然单反都没有带，只是携带了卡片机，这是我意想不到的！但意想不到的是他在第六天因为个人原因必须要下撤，大家也都能理解，可真心能希望他一起走完全程，这也是这次出行的遗憾！ 星星点灯：资深户外爱好者，一起走过多次的好友。丰富的山野户外经验，背负能力和意志力都非常棒，精通厨艺，途中营地晚餐他的煎饼可是绝活啊！也是全程完成穿越队员之一。 孙磊：随行媒体，单车和徒步爱好者，这次出行他好像是第一次背负20公斤以上，行走在高海拔地区，高原适应缓慢，第二天下午就感觉他走的很辛苦，晚上只好劝说他第三天清晨沿着来路尽快下撤。也是第一次与他同行，了解甚少！ 中国龙：本人，发帖者，召集着，相机后面的人！喜欢重装阿式自助野外穿越，喜欢和有共同爱好的山友一起行走在大自然中，探索和欣赏未知的世界！补发一张在林芝宾馆门前出发时拍的11人全家福 传奇的“喀斯特洞穴” 布如沟风光 行走在尼屋藏布山谷的原始森林中 一年一次的长线计划，已经成为平时生活中的精神支柱，没有太多的追求和目的，只是为了这份兴趣，和有共同爱好的山友一起行走在美妙的大自然中，感受大自然拥有的神奇和魅力！！！ 线路简介：西藏的阿尔卑斯B线，是本人原创精心策划和设计的线路！位于念青唐古拉山东段，地处林芝的西北方向，那曲嘉黎县东南方向，距离林芝和嘉黎县都是一百多公里，虽然距离不远，从林芝方向到达徒步起点，包车还是比较方便，但如果从嘉黎县包车到达徒步终点的位置就相对危险很多，沿途峡谷、急流，山路崎岖，基本都是碎石路面，时而会有落石和滑坡现象，夜间和雨季更不要冒然行进。公路路况不好，交通不便且非常危险！这次的徒步起点为娘蒲乡，终点为忠于乡。南北气候差异较大，途中遇到冰雹，雨雪，冰川，河流，乱石坡，碎石坡，森林，沼泽，草甸，沙石路，河滩，断崖等等路况及天气。整条线路对于高海拔适应还是比较合理的，但危险性相对较高，有好几处危险路段，而且有几处容易迷路！线路攻略：至此这条线路游记公布后，不少朋友咨询，在此还是简单写写关于线路的一些重要节点和危险路段，及线路行进的相关事项和建议：整条线路可以划分为两部分，既从娘蒲乡到崩嘎村可以划分为第一部分，崩嘎村到忠于乡为第二部分，这里重点说说第一部分：第一部分线路安排：行程：娘蒲乡（3798）--扎拉1号垭口（5395）--杰拉山谷（4190）--崩嘎村（3800）,行程为重装五天，注意事项：从娘蒲乡出发头两天虽然有大路行进，但还是建议全程徒步行走，布如沟的风光非常美，也为翻越后面5400米左右的扎拉1号垭口做海拔适应。队伍行进在第二天以后尽量不要落单，注意预防大型野生动物（如狗熊，黑熊等等），行进至第三天树林时，这里容易迷路，尽量在有经幡的附近寻找小路行走。扎拉1号垭口是根据多个地图数据得知的另外一个扎拉垭口而命名的，也是原本计划翻越的未知垭口，整片狭小的山谷区域都可以叫做扎拉。翻越垭口的路况艰难，陡峭，地形相对复杂，大片的乱石坡和冰川遗留，行进中要切记量力而行，控制队伍的行进范围。扎拉1号垭口至杰拉山谷路段基本都能找到小路行走，但途中也会有部分过头顶的灌木林，遇到时尽量队伍保持紧凑，避免迷路造成不必要的麻烦。杰拉山谷至崩嘎村有明显的藏民小道。线路延展：到达崩嘎村后可以安排两天时间前往琼波戈措观景台营地，往返线路观看雪山和冰川景观，切记，山路陡峭，攀升较大，山坡后半段路迹不明显，有迷失方向的可能，下山要注意保护，防止滑落。由于第二部分的线路未知性太多，翻越罗琼拉垭口也是相对危险性较大，前后的冰川和山体的风化不确定因素较多，从综合考虑，不建议前往行走。而后面的尼屋藏布山谷由于13年7月堰塞湖的灾难，导致当地地形和道路变化极大，出行非常不方便，要是今年的雨季和雪季后，还不知道道路和地形会有什么样变化，不可抗拒因素太多，所以非常不建议这几年再次前往，再者忠于乡当地政府已经不让游客进入，所以想要反向行进的朋友也最好打消这样的念头，安全第一，尼屋藏布那边的道路地形复杂，几年内还是很难恢复的！在此忠告山友们，望能理解！此攻略为本人提示和建议，途中所遇到任何危险和突发事件均已本人无关，请客观的评估您行进的队伍，做好风险预案！ 第三天快到营地时，经过一片很好的草甸，回望队友们行走的一瞬间。。。 这次长线本人所有装备负重清单：服装类：ActionFox帽子 50GTX魔术头巾 25太阳眼镜 50奥索卡冲锋衣 560速干衣 200奥索卡羽绒服670抓绒手套 55内裤3条115抓绒裤 350奥索卡GTX冲锋裤425雪套1双120袜子四双 200服装类共计：2820 露营工具类：GG B80背包加防雨罩：3100帐篷 2550900克白鹅绒，700蓬松度睡袋 1550防潮充气垫 350火凤炉头加盒子 200大个套锅加收缩袋 170保温杯 550筷子加勺子 40熟料大碗加克重杯 110手电加绳子（小手电）：2518节五号电池 450水果刀35毛巾 15牙刷牙膏 100打火机 40防水袋 100四个高山气罐 1480露营工具类共计：10865 行进工具类：GPS（不包电池） 150对讲机加天线加一块电池 240对讲机两块电池 180120编带 75冰爪770行进工具类共计：1415 电器和电源类：单反套机（18-135镜头，相机电池，内存卡） 1100广角镜头 480三块单反电池 150四个内存卡加读卡器 20移动电源加布套加充电头和线 210单反相机电池充电器150手机加两块电池225电器和电源类共计：2335 其他必备物品：身份证、银行卡、相片、现金**、嘉黎县暂住证 50垃圾袋、相机吹气筒、相机布 100行程单、保险单相关信息、行程冰川路段相片 50大地图一张 550防晒霜 100其他必备物品共计：850 香葱加香菜干 150榨菜6X50 300紫菜2包 40盐，鸡精，黑胡椒 350酱油和油 550调料配菜类总计：1390 早餐大米加玉米粒50x12 600路餐150x12 1800晚餐250x12 3000+多出的1500克小包装奶茶六包22X6132 食品正餐总计：7032 三脚架加快门线：1075 全部装备及物品总计：27782克红色部分为必须穿戴物品，所列的重量没有包括鞋子！其中这次十二天穿越，食品到最后穿越完成时早晚餐还有余量，路程是刚好合适！早餐的余下是因为途中有好几天是跟队友一起吃，自己的这份食物就没有用到，加上早餐大米做粥配榨菜，吃到后面真不想吃了。这次尝试了队友小鸽子的鹅肠粉特别好吃，口味比较适合我，又轻便，而易熟，缺点是易碎！下次的长线早餐还需改良！路餐，算是最满意的一次，在北京买的小包装芝麻饼和板栗，口味非常好，这两样食物都是50克一小袋，非常方便，每份准备了12袋。马来西亚巧克力，也是50克一小袋，缺点是吃到最后有点腻了，以后长线只会考虑带芝麻饼和板栗了！晚餐，手工面疙瘩汤配紫菜和葱花香菜，加上汤汁非常美味，制作方法完全是我家乡的做法！每餐250克面粉左右，有时候早餐还会想吃就再做点！面粉真是很方便，可以做煎饼，手工葱花饼，疙瘩汤等等。这些工艺和食材都是很容易在野外实现的！在林芝宾馆拍摄的部分装备 西藏是很多人的梦想之地，拉萨是西藏的省会，今年是第二次到西藏了！给人的印象还是那么好，空气新鲜，天空晴朗。。。 离出行很近了，这次出行约定的集合地是在林芝，考虑到有时间能提前到西藏，所以这次我和队友执着鸟先行到达拉萨，会合队友涛声再一起前往林芝集合！九月15日和队友执着鸟乘飞机抵达拉萨，激动的心情依然是那样的熟悉。这一次是执着鸟第一次来西藏，也是第一次看见藏区的风光，我对她说在西藏这样的风景和天气真是太多了，可她依然控制不住端着相机咔嚓咔嚓不停的照。。。匆匆忙忙已过中午时分，安顿好住宿后，就和队友到处闲逛，等待晚上另一名队友涛声的到来！队友执着鸟 9月16日涛声，我，还有执着鸟，我们三名队员在拉萨闲逛随拍。。。 顺时针围绕着布达拉宫行走，这里似乎一直都很多人，沿途都有转经筒。。。 布达拉宫后面的小公园风景还是非常好的、、、 这不知道是鸭子还是鸽子，能飞能游。。。是不是黄嘴鸥？还是红嘴鸥。。。 蓝天白云与公园的景观完美结合。。。 公园里已经有秋意的感觉。。。 月圆之日相聚林芝，追梦、渴望让心相连。。。 林芝地处西藏东南部，地区政府驻林芝县八一镇。雅鲁藏布江中下游，其西部和西南部分别与拉萨、山南两地市相连，东部和北部分别与昌都地区、那曲地区相连，南部与印度、缅甸两国接壤。林芝平均海拔3100米，总面积116175平方公里，总人口14万人。被称为西藏的江南，以世界上最深的峡谷——雅鲁藏布江大峡谷著称于世。林芝的森林原始景观保存完好，高原挺拔的西藏古柏、喜玛拉雅冷杉、植物活化石“树蕨”以及百余种杜鹃等等应有尽有，素有“天然的自然博物馆”、“自然的绿色基因库”之称。 九月18日我们一行三人从拉萨前往林芝，激动的心情克制不住我们对追梦之路的期待，临近了，是否还在想起那些盼望很久的目的地和沿途的风景！这是我第一次前往林芝，之前在地图上研究过多次，可没想到时间如流水般，让我与林芝近距离相处！大概下午五点左右，到达林芝提前安排的住处，与在此守候多日的队员辉仔回合。。。辉仔来自广东，早前在北京一起走过山，风趣，幽默，加上些少许调皮，有时候也很个性啊，但还是个好队友。他在林芝地区差不多住了一个月，每天都盼望着我们的到来！这可不，相见如归，满脸的胡须已经完全使他变了一个样，让我们个个都大吃一惊！又惊又喜，三两队员就这样聊上了。今天我们已经四名队员，明天19日是我们的集合日期，其余队友都会陆续到达。晚上，四人相聚畅聊，一起吃了一顿美味砂锅蹄子。。。19日下午11名队员都已陆续抵达会和。相聚不如说是团聚和巧遇，这天刚好是中秋节，明天也是我们出行的日子，怎么也得吃顿好的，也算是行前大餐，让大家开心点，进山后可没有这么好的条件了！这样一拍即合，吃石锅鸡，买月饼。。。哎，还是那句话，这次遗憾的没有给队员们拍靓照。。。我和辉仔（右）在路上的合照（小鸽子拍摄） 涛声，徒步第一天拍摄19日先行到的队员们在林芝街区闲逛。前排夹子（左）和孙磊18日我前往鲁朗会友，路上经过垭口时拍摄。。。19日下午天空突变，闪电雷鸣，雨后出现很大很宽的双道彩虹。。。([]
麻豆二三区在线观看
陈哲玮Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, ";Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth(
董小宛天美传媒在线播放
杨长璇走进世博会——中国2010年上海世博会介绍（世博系列之一）目 录 前言 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主 3、以往部分世博会简介 二、中国与世界博览会 1、中国与世博会的渊源 2、中国参加世博会的获奖产品 3、新中国参加过的历届世博会 4、中国以往举办的世园会 三、2010年世界博览会（Expo 2010）总体介绍 1、上海世博会申办的过程 2、世博会主 3、会徽 4、吉祥物 5、确认参展的国家和组织 6、上海世博会场地 7、上海世博会园区规划 8、2010年上海世博会门票 9、上海世博会世博轴 10、上海世博会世博公园 11、上海世博会演艺中心 12、上海世博会世博中心 13、上海世博会世博论坛 14、上海世博会网上世博会 15、上海世博会文化演艺活动 16、上海世博会世博村 四、参展展馆 1、上海世博会主馆 2、上海世博会中国国家馆 3、亚洲馆 4、欧洲馆 5、美洲馆 6、非洲馆 7、大洋洲馆 8、其他国际组织馆 9、企业馆 10、上海世博会城市最佳实践区1# 老顽童thtsjy 前 言 2010年是世博年，我们作为本届世博会举办地——上海的市民，愿为世博会尽绵薄之力。为此，我们综合了参观《走进世博会——中国2010年世博会暨世博会历史回顾展览》（在上海展览馆举办）、探访“中国2010年上海世博会展示中心”（位于淮海中路香港新世界大厦三楼）以及收集的有关世博会资料，整理成庚寅年第一帖，奉献给诸位参考。鉴于我们自身文字和拍照水平的局限、收集资料渠道的受限、整理功力的有限，本帖存在诸多不足，恳请各位指教，深表感谢！ 16# zj522522 感谢以上各位支持，祝你们虎年吉祥！ 17# 老顽童thtsjy 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 在古代农耕社会，人们往往在庆贺丰收、宗教仪式、欢度喜庆的节日里展开交易活动，后来逐渐发展成为定期的、有固定场所的、以物品交换为目的的大型贸易及展示的集会。这就是世博会的最早形式。公元5世纪，波斯举办了第一个超越集市功能的展览会。 18世纪，随着新技术和新产品的不断出现，人们逐渐想到举办与集市相似，但只展不卖，以宣传、展出新产品和成果为目的的展览会。1791年捷克在首都布拉格首次举办了这样的展览会。随着科学技术的进步，社会生产力的发展，展览会的规模也逐步扩大，参展的地域范围从一地扩大到全国，由国内延伸到国外，直至发展成为由许多国家参与的世界性博览会。 26# 老顽童thtsjy 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主1851年英国伦敦万国工业产品大博览会1853年美国纽约万国工业产品博览会1855年法国巴黎世界工农业和艺术博览会1862年英国伦敦国际工业和艺术博览会1865年爱尔兰都柏林世界博览会1867年法国巴黎第2届巴黎世界博览会1873年奥地利维也纳世界博览会1876年美国费城美国独立百年展览会1878年法国巴黎第3届巴黎世界博览会1880年澳大利亚墨尔本世界博览会1883年荷兰阿姆斯特丹国际博览会1889年法国巴黎第4届巴黎世界博览会1893年美国芝加哥哥伦布纪念博览会1897年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1900年法国巴黎第5届巴黎世界博览会1904年美国纪念路易斯安娜购置一百周年博览会1905年比利时列日世界博览会1906年意大利米兰世界博览会1908年英国伦敦世界博览会1910年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1913年比利时甘特世界博览会1915年美国旧金山巴拿马太平洋博览会1925年法国巴黎国际装饰美术博览会1926年美国费城建国150周年世界博览会1929年西班牙巴塞罗那世界博览会1933年美国芝加哥世界博览会——“一个世纪的进步”1935年比利时布鲁塞尔万国博览会——“通过竞争获取和平”1936年瑞典斯德哥尔摩世界博览会1937年法国巴黎现代生活艺术世界博览会——“现代世界的艺术和技术”1938年芬兰赫尔辛基航空世界博览会1939年比利时国际水资源博览会1939-1940年美国纽约世界博览会——“明日新世界”1939-1940年美国旧金山金门世界博览会1949年瑞典国际体育博览会1949年海地王子港世界博览会1953年以色列耶路撒冷世界博览会1954年意大利航海世界博览会1955年瑞典世界生活艺术博览会1955年意大利都灵国际体育博览会1956年以色列柑橘栽培展览会1957年德国柏林世界博览会1958比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会——“科学、文明和人性”1961年意大利都灵世界博览会1962年美国西雅图廿一世纪博览——“太空时代的人类”1964-1965年美国纽约世界博览会——“通过理解走向和平”1965年德国慕尼黑交通运输世界博览会1967年加拿大蒙持利尔世界博览会——“人类与世界”1968年美国圣安东尼奥世界博览会——“美洲大陆的文化交流”1970年日本大阪日本世界博览会——“人类的进步与和谐”1971年匈牙利布达佩斯世界狩猎博览会1974年美国斯波坎环境世界博览会——“无污染的进步”1975年日本冲绳国际海洋博览会——“海洋-充满希望的未来”1981年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1982年美国诺克斯维世界能源博览会——“能源-世界的原动力”1984年美国新奥尔良路易西安纳世界博览会——“河流的世界-水乃生命之源”1985年日本筑波万国博览会——“居住与环境人类的家居科技”1985年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1986年加拿大温哥华世界交通与通讯博览会——“交通与运输”1988年澳大利亚布里斯班世界博览会——“科技时代的休闲生活”1990年日本大阪世界博览会——“人类与自然”1991年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1992年西班牙塞维利亚世界博览会——“发现的时代”1992年意大利热那亚世界博览会——“哥伦布-船与海”1993年韩国大田世界博览会——“新的起飞之路”1998年葡萄牙里斯本海洋博览会——“海洋——未来的财富”1999年中国昆明世界博览会——“人与自然，迈向二十一世纪”2000年德国汉诺威世界博览会——“人类-自然-科技-发展”2005年日本爱知爱．地球博——“自然、城市、和谐——生活的艺术”2008年西班牙萨拉戈萨世界博览会2010年中国上海世界博览会——“城市,让生活更美好”2012年韩国丽水世界博览会2015年意大利米兰世界博览会 29# 老顽童thtsjy 3、历届部分世博会简介 水晶宫的魅力——1851年英国伦敦第一届世界博览会纪实 全世界第一场世界博览会——1851年万国工业博览会在英国首都伦敦的海德公园举行，展期是1851年5月1日至10月11日，主要内容是世界文化与工业科技，借此博览会英国在当时展现了工业革命后技冠群雄、傲视全球的辉煌成果。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了首届世博会 19世纪前半叶，欧洲工业革命正如火如荼地进行，科学技术的飞速发展，使人类生活发生了巨大的变化。 在英国，自维多利亚女王登基后，当时的英国在世界工业中一马当先。同时资本的高速聚集和运作，英国也成为当时欧洲金融的中心。这些因素触发了英国将在世界舞台上演绎主角的欲望。 此前，欧洲各国举办工业博览会已不是新鲜事，特别是英国、法国在工业革命的推动下，都举办了多届有影响的工业产品博览会，以此来推广本国的工业生产技术和宣传新产品。频频举办工业博览会使英国萌发了举办一次世界各国参与的博览会。 成立于1754年的英国皇家艺术协会历来承担国家展览会的组织工作，担任皇家艺术协会主席的阿尔伯特亲王具有一种与传统理念所不同的开明思想和创新精神。1849年，艺术协会开始酝酿筹划规模更大的博览会时，阿尔伯特提出“博览会必须是国际性的、展品要有外国产品参加”的设想，要求能在伦敦海德公园中找到最好的展览场地，以举办一届规模宏大的世界博览会。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了第一届世博会在英国诞生。 确立规则，女王广邀宾客 1849年6月30日，一次历史性的会议在白金汉宫召开，参加者有皇家艺术协会成员、全国博览会组委会成员、建筑公司成员和阿尔伯特亲王。会议作出了7项重要决定：1、世博会展品分为四个大类：原材料、机械、工业制品和雕塑作品；2、将建一幢特别临时建筑作为世博会展厅；3、举办场地选在海德公园南侧；4、博览会将是国际性的，由国家发出参展邀请；5、组委会将提供大量奖金以鼓励参展者；6、将成立一个皇家委员会来主办世博会；7、世博会财政集资由艺术家协会负责。 会议之后，组委会立即起草并提交给政府关于成立世博会皇家委员会的申请。组委会成员到英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的65个城镇和法国等一些欧洲国家进行了游说，动员参展。 1849年10月17日，组委会举行了一次大规模的公共会议，向伦敦市最有影响力的商人和银行家描述了世博会的整个计划。艺术协会的项目融资也有了进展，25万英镑的保证金解决了财务问。很快，议会两院也以多数票同意在海德公园内举行博览会。 1850年1月3日，世博会皇家委员会成立。随后，维多利亚女王便以国家名义向世界各国发出世博会参展邀请。 31# 老顽童thtsjy 一个方案拯救了首届世博会 世博会的筹备工作开局颇为顺利，但是困难却是接踵而来。一是时间紧，距世博会开幕仅有一年半，具体工作尚未启动；二是集资困难，运作资金尚有很大缺口；三是社会上有大量意见反对使用海德公园举办世博会，因为建造展馆将会破坏树林和环境。但最大的麻烦是世博会展馆的设计与建造问。 1849年底成立的世博会建筑委员会立即向各国发出展馆设计的邀请。尽管方案征集仅有三个星期，但委员会仍收到245个方案，却没有一个获胜者。因为所有方案都是古典、永久性的建筑形式。这不仅使阿尔伯特等陷入困境，甚至有导致世博会流产的危险。 正在皇家委员会一筹莫展时，一个不经意的方案不仅成功地挽救了世博会，更是成为人类历史上的里程碑作品，甚至建筑物作品的本身成为了第一届世博会最成功的展品。这便是园艺工约瑟夫·帕克斯顿和他的创作“水晶宫”。 意外发现睡莲化作“水晶宫” 1837年，一位英国探险家在圭亚那发现美丽的王莲，便采集种子带回英国交给查丝华斯庄园首席园艺师约瑟夫·帕克斯顿(Joseph Paxton)种植。三个月后，王莲长出11片巨大的叶子和开出美丽的花朵。帕克斯顿将花以维多利亚命名王莲Victoria amazonica Sowerby（Royal Water Lily,Amazon Water-platter），并作为礼物送给了维多利亚女王。自此他与阿尔伯特亲王相识并成为挚友。 王莲越长越大。有一天他把7岁的小女儿抱在其中一片叶子上观赏花朵，水上飘逸的绿叶居然轻而易举地承担起她的体重。帕克斯顿翻开叶子观察其背面，只见粗壮的径脉纵横呈环形交错，构成既美观又可以负担巨大的承重力的整体。这个发现顿时给了他灵感，一种新的建筑理念在脑中形成。不久他在为王莲建造查丝华斯温室时，用铁栏和木制拱胁为结构、玻璃为墙面，首创了新颖的温室。该建筑除了简洁明快的功能外，建筑构件可以预先制造，不同构件可以根据建筑大小需要组合装配，这样的建筑成本低廉，施工快捷。 帕克斯顿听说了在海德公园建造展览场馆之事，立即毛遂自荐愿意提供他的建筑方案。 帕克斯顿的设计方案在众人的关注下最终被敲定，记者Douglas Jerrold在报上将它称之为“水晶宫”，这个名称一直流传至今。1850年9月26日，水晶宫奠基。6个月不到就竣工了。 整幢建筑是现代化大规模工业生产技术的结晶。 38# 老顽童thtsjy 博览盛会，创造历史 水晶宫建造的同时，组委会挑选和收集各类展品的工作进展加快。博览会共有18000个参加商，提供了10万多件展品。 组委会另设特别评选委员会对展品评选，评出5084奖项，其中外国人获得3045项。 1851年5月1日早上9时，水晶宫开门接纳来参加开幕式的客人。50多万人聚集在海德公园四周。11时30分，9驾皇家马车列队离开了白金汉宫前往海德公园参加世博会开幕大典，12时的钟声敲响，在“哈利路亚”乐曲声中，王室和他们的随行人员进入展览宫。 水晶宫内挂满万国彩旗，参观人流摩肩接踵，各种工艺品、艺术雕塑琳琅满目、目不暇接。人们惊奇地观看来自不同国家的发明、珍奇和不同产品。 参观者最感兴趣的是不同的机器发明。人们目瞪口呆地看着开槽机，钻孔机，拉线机，纺纱机，造币机，抽水机等各种机器工作，让人领悟到工业革命给世界带来的变化。 当然，最受赞誉的还是水晶宫，这座原本是为世博会展品提供展示的场馆却成了第一届世博会中最成功的作品和展品。水晶宫成为世博会的志。水晶宫成就了世博会的举办，世博会的成功又为世界上第一次聚集众多国家，为了一个和平的目的交流不同文化、科技成果开创了先例。 1851年共有6039195人次参观了首届世博会。 同年10月14日伦敦世博会举行了闭幕式，世博会圆满结束，并获得了186437英镑的利润。 世博会结束后水晶宫移至伦敦南部的西得汉姆，并以更大的规模重新建造，1854年6月10日由维多利亚女王主持向公众开放。它作为伦敦的娱乐中心存在了82年。1936年11月30日晚上6点，中央大厅员工厕所突然着火，大火烧遍了整幢建筑。水晶宫的焚毁宣告了辉煌的维多利亚时代结束。 43# 老顽童thtsjy 1853年美国纽约世博会 1853年的世博会在美国纽约举办，主办者效仿英国也用钢铁和玻璃建造了一个大型展馆，同样称之为“水晶宫”，但规模却小得多，仅及英国的三分之一。 45# 老顽童thtsjy 46# 老顽童thtsjy 胜家缝纫机公司（Singer）是美国第一家成功的跨国公司，其主打产品——缝纫机被誉为继农用锄具发明之后的又一伟大发明，并被称为“世界上最著名的机械”。1853年纽约世博会上展出的胜家缝纫机已具备以后一百多年间的家用缝纫机的基本功能。 47# 老顽童thtsjy 48# 老顽童thtsjy 1852年，奥的斯发明了动力上升梯子的安全装置，并在1853年纽约世博会上演示其发明。现代电梯仍使用奥的斯当年的发明创造。 52# 老顽童thtsjy 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会上，一种起源于古罗马、风行于16世纪欧洲宫廷、而为爱尔兰妇女所钟爱的蕾丝作品，以其华美典丽而令人炫目，并由此推广成为平民女子的美丽服饰。 54# 老顽童thtsjy 1867年巴黎世博会 1867年在法国巴黎举办的世博会，已经具备了现代世博会的雏形。主展馆为490X380米的巨大橄圆形建筑，中心为公园，四周为展厅，16条通道分割展区，给各参展国设计自己独立的展馆。 57# 老顽童thtsjy 蓝色的多瑙河——记1873年维也纳世博会 世博会的举办与规划 十九世纪中后期，通过举办世博会来提高国家地位，已被许多国家认同和追逐。1870年，奥地利政府为将首都维也纳推进到世界先进城市行列，同时也为清除1866年普奥战争失败后的笼罩在城市上空的阴霾，向世界宣布：举办1873年维也纳世界博览会，主为纪念约瑟夫一世执政25周年。 世博会举办地选择在风光秀丽的多瑙河边，这条河随着几年前施特劳斯著名的圆舞曲《蓝色的多瑙河》而名声鹊起。维也纳中央公园被选作博览会会场，面积达233公倾。维也纳市政当局想利用举办世博会的时机，对旧城区建筑大举实施改造，拆去城壁，打通市中心与郊外的联系，多瑙河也在整改范围之列，涉及水道绵延半英里，拓展河道工程产生的50万立方的砂砾被用于世博会会址之用。整个工程规划由建筑师凯利·哈森那根据意大利文艺复兴时期的风格设计。由于前几届世博会的启示，维也纳世博会的组织者已开始注重建筑的功能与美观结合，强调建筑的整体魅力。设计中的宏伟庞大的主建筑群——工业宫，面积达7万平方米,工业宫建筑结构合理，长907米,宽206米。中央与园顶大厅相连,两侧留有宽25米主廊，主廊与长145米、宽15米的侧廊相交。侧廊之间有多个宽45米,长75米庭院,所有建筑均建有屋顶，观众入口装饰处建造了凯旋门和不同历史风格的大门。工业宫建筑开创了世博会历史中建造大型联体展览建筑物的先列。 60# 老顽童thtsjy 世界第八大奇观——圆顶大厅罗托纳达 维也纳世博会上建筑亮点是由斯各特·罗素设计的工业宫中央圆顶大厅罗托纳达。罗素曾担任1851年伦敦世博会参展委员会的秘书。该大厅设计显然受到了1851年世博会“官方”建筑计划书的启发，风格极其相同。 罗托纳达圆形大厅，顶高83米,直径约110米,成为当时世界上最大的圆顶大厅建筑，比罗马的圣·皮耶尔大教堂的48米圆顶和伦敦的圣保罗大教堂37米圆顶确实大了许多。圆形大厅的结构也是用金属制作，建设周期仅18个月,时间之短在当时令人难以置信。建筑被称之为世界第八大奇观。圆形大厅其锥形屋顶由32根粗大的柱子支撑，圆顶之上有一个直径为28米的穹隆塔顶，再上面是一个直径为7米的小型穹隆灯塔，最高处是一个奥地利皇冠的巨大复制品，由皇冠珠宝的仿制品装饰。 这个巨大的园顶建筑物引起了轰动效应，也倾倒了观众。世博会期间共有206270位参观者踏着台阶登到圆顶皇冠处，饱览维也纳城市的迷人景色并为壮观的建筑而荣耀。 整个博览会除工业宫建筑群外，还有机械厅、美术馆、园艺馆等新建190多幢建筑，整个世博会把现实和艺术，现代和古老，东方和西方不同建筑元素和谐地融为一体。 64# 老顽童thtsjy 布展独特展品丰富 建筑群内的中央广场呈东西走向，圆形大厅中央安放着土耳其苏丹二赠送的美丽装饰喷泉。四周由回廊环绕，陈列各国展品。维也纳世博会组织者，为了使展品分类越加合理，将展品分成26种，分类数增加到162个,其目的是“将创造发明、工业化生产与人类教育、生活品味和生活质量的发展相适应”。 16个展示厅内布局根据国家位置而设计展示体系，每个国家的展品都靠着其地理上的邻国，所以只要观赏了不同国家的展品，就可以获知基本的世界地理知识。 奥地利展品中给人印象比较深的是一副刻画政治家在普法战争中形象的象牙棋子和一颗重达8吨、长50英尺放置在水银池中的巨型炮弹，使人想起1866年那场不幸的那场战争。 埃及展示了世界注目的苏伊士运河工程模型。埃及政府把设计展区的任务委托给了一批德国的著名埃及史研究专家。他们在设计中将四年前刚开始动工的工程建筑与埃及风光、风情巧妙结合，把埃及的地理、历史和社会进程关系完美的展示给观众。 瑞典提供了一个模范学校的教育展示，从教室的课桌设计到学生教材丛书和办学规划，让观众了解公共教育的重要性。 维也纳世博会主办者强调发明和设计理念：科学和艺术，工业和手艺、过去和将来之间，需在美感和实用性的大前提下具有审美价值，构建完美的和谐关系。文化艺术类展品则显示了主办国-维也纳城市特有的强项。 世博会中，奥地利为维也纳城市设计了专展览，展览以丰富多样的形式，详细阐述了建成于罗马时代的维也纳城市中城堡、宫殿、街道、广场和著名建筑物的历史故事。该展览最令人激动的是节日欢庆和比赛活动部分，每天的露天音乐会，由约翰.施特劳斯指挥管弦乐队演奏不同圆舞曲和圣歌，当然最受欢迎的便是“蓝色的多瑙河”，因为只有在音乐之都-维也纳，在美丽的多瑙河边，在世博会特有欢乐的氛围中聆听施特劳斯亲自演绎的“蓝色的多瑙河”，才能真正体验和感受到艺术家的真情和艺术作品的魅力所在。 维也纳世博会中有两个艺术展馆展示来自世界各地的艺术珍品。法国、俄罗斯提供了众多的名家绘画作品。维也纳画家汉斯麦卡特画成的那幅长17米宽4米的巨作，尤其受人瞩目。 古典艺术品中有希腊、意大利送来的大理石雕像，其中有帕台农圣庙的复制品和米洛的维纳斯雕像，据说当时维纳斯的双手还在。 维也纳世博会于1873年5月1日开幕，11月2日闭幕，共有35个国家、4万多参展商应邀参加，仅有725万人次参观了世博会。最后财务的统计表明，世博会的总投资956万美元，但收益仅是其开支的六分之一，被认为是19世纪重大的财政失败例子之一。 维也纳世博会结束后，工业宫部分建筑群成为了维也纳玉米交易所，机器厅等被专门划出用于北方铁路货物和谷物储存中心。但是工业宫建筑和著名的圆顶建筑也同许多历史上世博会建筑一样，遭遇了悲惨的命运，它被1937年的一场大火摧毁。 66# 老顽童thtsjy 1876年费城世博会 1876年的美国费城世博会是一次重要的博览会，这是一届为庆祝美国建国百年而举办的世博会。费城的费尔蒙特公园，是世界上最大的城市公园，也是1876年世博会会址。 68# 老顽童thtsjy 自由女神像是法国赠送给美国的礼物。为参加费城世博会庆典，就将已完成了的自由女神像手臂和火炬先送去。直到1886年，自由女神像才在美国纽约安装完毕。 70# 老顽童thtsjy 爱迪生是19世纪最伟大的发明家，他的许多发明都曾在早期世博会上展出。 73# 老顽童thtsjy 就在这一年，贝尔博士发明了世界第一部电话，立即送到了博览会上展出，也是在这一年，中国第一条铁路在吴淞至上海开通。 75# 老顽童thtsjy 1878年法国巴黎世博会 爱迪生发明的话筒、留声机等在本届世博会上展出。 78# 老顽童thtsjy 永远的埃菲尔铁塔——1889年巴黎世博会的产物 铁塔的由来 1884年11月8日,法国下院议会做出决定：1889年5月3日至11月6日，法国巴黎将举办第三届世博会。主：庆祝法国大革命胜利100周年。 1886年5月，世博会组委会组织博览会的规划设计招。中者中有设计师古斯塔夫·埃菲尔。埃菲尔建议世博会场地放在巴黎火星广场和托罗卡德罗地区，展览面积100公顷。他在规划中创意建造一座300米高的志性建筑塔。 世博会的组织者们更是兴奋地建议：百年盛会中建造的志性高塔建筑，必须征集到大师们的作品，因为只有大师蕴涵的艺术天赋作品才能完美体现法国崇尚文化，独具和无可争议的优势。 招的结果是收到了1000份极富创意的方案，其中花样百出。如，设计一座巨大的断头台以象征帝国的死亡。设计一座350米的金字塔，塔上雕刻有英雄雕像和浮雕以描述大革命的主要事件等等。 但是，最“异想天开”的设计，还是来自年轻的设计师，古斯塔夫.埃菲尔的金属拱门塔方案。埃菲尔创意：“建造一座新颖的金属凯旋拱门来为现代科学和法国工业增光。这座拱门会给人独特的印象，也会超过历史上各种凯旋门形式。” 组委会委员、市政当局经比较和讨论，最终埃菲尔的铁塔门方案获得批准，当时新闻界大多数人也都对此方案表示欢迎。不过，所有人并没有料到，他们通过的这个方案成就了世博会历史上最激动人心的作品，也使1889年的世博会成为了经典。 80# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔设计和建造 古斯塔夫-埃菲尔，1832年生于第戎，中学毕业后，他到巴黎中央大学求学。他在设计建造波尔多的杜罗河桥时，由于解决了桥梁支柱的稳定性的难而初露峰芒。很快，他又参与设计在美国纽约“自由女神”像，因内部复杂的结构而名杨四海。通过一个个大胆创新的建筑项目中，年轻的埃菲尔的才能很快得到了充分展示。 埃菲尔在方案通过后，在40个助手帮助下，绘制了5300幅工程图，涉及到建筑18038个部位。 1886年11月5日，法国贸易部长批准了埃菲尔团队提交的最后方案。并提供其预算2750万法郎中五分之一的资金。埃菲尔抵押了他的公司并设法筹足剩余五分之四的资金。 1887年1月铁塔正式开工，整个工地成了一个巨大的钢铁加工厂，每段钢材都在工厂里依照严密的计算，根据图纸精确制造，然后又严格检验、编号、并按图纸进行组装。高塔建造时现场并没有什么辅助脚架,全靠精密的计算和严密的管理，一根根沉重的钢材凭借手动液压装置精确顶到位置，再由人工用一个个烧红的铆钉，挥舞着铁锥一锤一锤加以铆接固定。铁塔用去15000根钢铁材料，二百五十万个铆钉，整座塔楼在水泥混凝土加固的底座上矗立。工程在28个月工期里，始终体现着严格而科学的秩序。 82# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔引发的争议 埃菲尔自设计铁塔开始，面对的不仅是创新的技术难，还有因铁塔而引发的一场社会争议。因为，他的“通天塔”不仅激发了人们浓厚的好奇心，也产生了巨大的困惑。巴黎杰出的哥特建筑学派专家认为从数学角度考虑建造铁塔是不可能的。而最大的反对意见来自于巴黎的文学艺术家们。以著名作家盖.德.莫泊桑为首的47位著名人士发起了一项反对铁塔名活动，名的备忘录提交给巴黎政府并在报纸上公开发表。 反对和争议没有阻止建筑的进程，埃菲尔面对各种压力，始终沉着冷静，他认为铁塔一定会成功，他坚信建造铁塔将是完成一座人类理想的丰碑。 铁塔在塞纳河边渐渐升高，反对的意见逐步减少。人们开始冷静地看待铁塔，并对它的整体进行评估：大胆独创的铁塔，新颖别致的造型，直冲天穹的力量，张扬中却又充溢着浪漫的轻盈。这一切不又体现了法兰西民族独有的创造和创新的精神吗？ 84# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔建造成功 1889年3月31日星期日，铁塔主建筑完工，埃菲尔与一些世博会高官一起登上了塔顶，并发射了21发礼炮以示庆祝。埃菲尔升起法国三色国旗并骄傲的宣告“现在，世界上只有法国国旗能飘扬在300米的高空”。 艾菲尔铁塔，这个曾被嘲笑为“悲剧式的蜡烛台”，“可怕的钢材堆”“巨大的工业烟囱”为法国1889年巴黎世博会带来激情和滚滚财源。 艾菲尔与巴黎政府的铁塔合约在1889年5月起开始回报，根据合同条款，20年中，铁塔收益归艾菲尔所有，铁塔就象一个金矿，这个金矿给艾菲尔带来了极大的效益。 当20年后，铁塔移交给巴黎市，艾菲尔和巴黎市政府并没有料到，铁塔的收益会不断延续，在一个世纪后，铁塔仍然游人如织。 86# 老顽童thtsjy 世博会时的铁塔 1889年5月6日，随着埃菲尔铁塔上一声炮响，世博会正式开放，会期每天早晨铁塔上的炮声和晚上铁塔的灯光不仅成为世博会的景观，更是成为巴黎都市浪漫生活的组成。由于采用了电灯照明技术，这也成为第一次晚上也开放的世博会。 1889年世博会期间，登塔成为参观的主要目的和时髦，共有2百万人在会期参观了铁塔。 埃菲尔铁塔有三层：第一层为57.63米，设不同的餐厅；第二层115.73米，设不同的办公室，特别是费加罗报的办公室，负责为参观者办理登塔证书；第三层276.13米，是服务区、气象台，实验室（物理，气象，生物）和艾菲尔的办公室，一般不对游人开放。 埃菲尔铁塔有一部电梯，每次可容纳100人，斜升到57米高一层，另外一部可载50人的垂直电梯，开到115米高。电梯每小时可供2400人用。参观人也可以通过1792级楼梯徒步登塔，到顶层鸟瞰巴黎全景。 1886年，本茨制成世界上第一辆三轮内燃机汽车。1889年，本茨亲自驾驶着汽车在展示，大受欢迎，也预示人类的汽车时代已经到来。 1889年11月6日，法国卡尔诺总统主持了的盛大的世博会闭幕仪式，世博会明星爱迪生用新近发明的留声机，以播放埃菲尔宣布闭幕的声音作为博览会闭幕节目。 88# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔的精神 1923年埃菲尔去世时，他的铁塔仍是世界上最高的建筑物，这一记录一直保持到1930年纽约克莱斯勒大厦建成，它比埃菲尔铁塔仅高出几米。 100多年来，埃菲尔铁塔历经风雨，屹立在塞纳河边，并成为巴黎城市的组成部分。百岁铁塔并没有因时间推移而失去代表时尚的美名，它那高耸、浪漫的丰韵成为了法国的志。它凝聚着崇尚创新的法兰西民族精神，它张扬着近代科学文明的威力，它彰显着巴黎城市无穷的文化魅力。 当然，人们也不会忘记伟大的世界博览会，正是这样的一个创造、创新的舞台造就不朽的埃菲尔先生和永远的埃菲尔铁塔。 90# 老顽童thtsjy 1893年美国芝加哥世博会 而今我们日常生活中离不开的拉链是由美国工程师Whitcomb L Judson发明并在1893年芝加哥世博会上亮相。 ([]
伊甸园🔞2022在线永久入口
陈嘉慧北极狐极地穿越全程地处北极圈以北，起点位于挪威海岸Signaldalen，终点位于瑞典Lapland山区的Jukkasjarvi村庄，全程330公里， 至今仍罕有人类踏足，景色壮观。此次北极狐极地穿越活动4月9日正式启程。穿越活动由来自全球10个国家的20几名队员组成，这些队员当中的绝大多数都不是专业户外人，都是你我一样的普通户外爱好者。他们当中有理发师、医生、律师..。。选择正确的装备+具备必要的知识，普通人也可以畅享北极圈以北令人叹为观止的自然景观。穿越队员于4月10日从挪威北部海岸Signaldalen启程，从这里驾驭雪橇犬，缓慢上升至海拔800米左右的丘陵，然后横跨瑞典和挪威南北边界交汇处的纳维亚山脉，接近瑞典、挪威和芬兰交界处Treriksroset，之后继续前往永久冻土带Tavvavuoma。上一张我的全副武装照。为啥我要戴头盔了。不小心掉在了冰水里专业的雪橇穿越，准配备是一人一橇六只狗。向导会根据每个队员的体重、雪橇负重等因素来分配狗狗，瘦一点的人用弱一点的狗狗拉，壮一点的人用强壮的狗狗拉，这样保证每个雪橇的行进速度基本一致。本次极地穿越统共配备了超过180只专业雪橇犬，这些雪橇犬全部是阿拉斯加哈士奇，它们大多数来自瑞典北极狐的合作伙伴Kenth Fjellborgs先生的犬舍，少部分选自世界级高水平的犬舍，雪地远征所需犬类具有强壮勤勉的特质，北极地区的气候条件使得阿拉斯加哈士奇成为极地穿越的绝佳选择。 阿拉斯加哈士奇具有厚实的皮毛，强健的爪子以及健硕的体格。这些条件对于在在北极地区生存来说是极其重要的，除此之外，他们在远征中易于控制，而且很友好，这也是选它们作为瑞典北极狐极地穿越雪橇犬的重要原因。六只狗狗当中，头狗是最强壮的，品种也最纯正，中间和最后的狗依次要弱一些。一条顶级的阿拉斯加哈士奇头犬售价可达一万美元。这些雪橇犬生下来几个月就开始训练拉雪橇，三岁的时候才能进入最佳状态。Kenth Fjellborg是瑞典最著名的狗拉雪橇专家，有着二十多年的雪橇犬饲养经验。这次北极狐极地穿越用了180多条阿拉斯加哈士奇犬，其他大部分来自他庞大的犬队，用他的话说就是"他的每一条狗都得到了像人类运动员一样的待遇和训练"。据说阿拉斯加哈士奇是爱斯基摩人根据自己的需要从狼驯化而来，他们所使用的阿拉斯加哈士奇是和其他品种的杂交犬，因为这种犬更强壮能够适应长途奔跑。当你看到他们蓝色的眼睛，以及每次出发前发出像狼一样兴奋的嚎叫，真的怀疑自己前面奔跑的到底是狼还是狗。穿越队伍中的一位美女。美女来了，不能少了帅哥。无帐篷露营。野外生火。晚上还是很漂亮的。自己得照顾自己的狗，还得喂狗，捡狗屎、([]
国产女上天官堂电影
蔡雅盛前言： 老猫每次的出行基本上都是和家人在一起游玩；要么自驾游；要么报团游。这个春节父母嫌冬天太冷，不愿意外出；儿子今年马上就要中考了，也没时间到处溜达，老猫又是个闲不住的人，又是一个偏爱美食的吃货，所以有了这次出行。这次出行共拍摄二千多张照片，包括美食，行程，换乘公交，地铁的攻略照片，如果您觉得对您有用，就果断收藏吧。 至于旅行的方向，老猫其实心里一直有个愿望，这个愿望是老猫童年的两个梦想之一（那个梦想已经实现了），一直伴随着老猫三十多年。这次终于实现了。这次的出行，老猫做了大量的攻略，查阅了南京、扬州、镇江、无锡、西塘的特色小吃，总想把所有的小吃一网打尽，但是现实很无奈，肚子饱了；眼睛不饱；最后撑得我呀······· 这次的旅行，认识了很多的驴友。在南京，指导和我同住的安徽小伙炒菜；夜游夫子庙、秦淮河，寻找南京地道的小吃；吃地道的南京老字号名店；惊险刺激的景点逃票；重温了中学时期所学习的历史课上的东西；圆了我的童年的梦想。 “故人西辞黄鹤楼，烟花三月下扬州······”这首脍炙人口的唐诗是我对扬州的最初认识，温文尔雅、小家碧玉的瘦西湖没有杭州的西湖大气，却以自身的美景----楼台水榭，吸引着人们的眼球；争奇斗艳的梅花竞相开放，为这美丽的瘦西湖增加了一点艳妆。扬州的小吃特别的美味，当我在品尝扬州狮子头、大煮干丝、吸管蟹黄汤包、饺面的时候，恰好在我旁边坐的少男少女谈论美食（他们也是背包客，刚从南京来到扬州）；我给出品尝美食意见的时候；看到他们一脸崇拜的眼神，心里稍稍的有些得意。 在镇江，我终于知道和看见“水漫金山”中的金山了。金山寺的传说神乎其神；古老的西津古渡向人们诉说着千年的故事： 泊船瓜州王安石京口瓜州一水间，钟山只隔数重山。春风又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还。这里的“瓜州”指的是扬州；“京口”指的就是西津古渡游览了北固山上的甘露寺，近距离的接触当年刘备招亲的场所。 在无锡，亲身经历了“滚滚长江东逝水·······”三国演义的拍摄现场，踏上了吴国水军的战船；听到、看到了金戈铁马的三英战吕布的古装表演；一下穿越千年，到“大河向东流，天上的星星参北斗呀······”水浒城，仿佛看见武大郎挑着担子在沿街贩卖烧饼；西门大官人和潘金莲的偶遇；于是引发了一系列后面的故事·······“太湖美，太湖美·······”，这首歌相信大多数的人都会哼唱，其实无锡还有一“壶”宜兴紫砂壶（宜兴市隶属无锡管辖）；这次之旅，让我知道不少的鉴定真正紫砂壶的知识；也算是一种学习吧。 西塘古镇的小桥流水乌篷船、长满苔痕的青石板，以及青石板上不知哪年篆刻的纹路；一眼望不到头的窄窄古巷，若仔细聆听，都能听到她千年绵长的诉说，我在这儿等你，你在哪儿······蒙蒙的细雨，轻轻的飘逸，散发着江南古老的韵味，打着一把油布伞，和心爱的人儿，漫步在青石石板上，送子来凤桥上、烟雨长廊里········，那绝对是浪漫的经典情怀。可惜我一个人独步，独自徘徊在这悠长的雨巷中，最后被这浪漫的细雨转化成滂沱大雨淋了个“落汤鸡”唉，玩不了浪漫了！沿街小商铺的美食还是吸引了我的脚步；满街的管老太臭豆腐的味道，混杂在清新的空气中是那么的“霸道”；勾引了无数人的嗅觉，蜂拥而至，闻着味就去了，准能找到。 上海的田子坊是文艺青年的天堂，连老外都止不住脚步；我这种被“时尚潮流”淘汰的大叔，显得与这儿格格不入。 如果你有什么疑问，请知会老猫一声，老猫一定知无不言，言无不尽。 这次的出行，在每个城市里，老猫全部坐公交、地铁、徒步（只有在无锡那晚时间已快至午夜，离住地太远，所以打了一次车）。 通过这次出行的考验，老猫感觉身体还行，趁着身体还行的时候，多走些地方。在这儿，老猫也告诉那些犹豫不决的亲们，其实自己一个人的自由行并不十分的“可怕”，当你迈出离家的脚步，就意味着你成功了一大半。 通过这次的出行，我感觉报团旅行真的是浪费时间，以后再也不报团了。 可能我有丰富的驾车经验，在每个城市的方向感特别准，找景点、住宿根本就不费事；以至于有个我入住的店老板都问我，你来过这儿？ 当然，也有走过“弯路”，所以，老猫总结了一些经验：1）问路不能找年龄大的老人；多问几个人，看看是否所指路线一致2）不能特别相信攻略（有的攻略已经过时）3）离开自己视线的水和食品（已开封），就不能食用（当然不是把每个人都想得那么龌龊；害人之心不可有；防人之心不可无呀，自己掂量）4）不卫生、变质的食品（小吃）；不能为了味蕾（味觉）而不顾身体；毕竟你处在不熟悉的环境中，遇到生病不仅会让家人担心还会耽误行程。5）看到不平的事，尽量少管；（老猫也是个血性汉子，但是，人生地不熟的情况下，呵呵）6）看护好自己的随身物品7）入住的房间门一定确认锁好；避免产生不必要的麻烦。8）遇到对自己不公正（公平）的事，只要不是损害自己利益太大的情况下，就不要太追究了。9）商铺里容易打碎的物品（陶瓷、瓷器、玻璃等），尽量远离，万一打碎说不清楚，容易被讹诈。10）出门在外，一定要牢记：人身安全第一；损失些财物都无所谓。老猫就能想起这么多，如果还有不足之处，欢迎亲们补充。 先说说我童年的梦想：梦想一记得我刚上小学一年级的时候（1979年）；我们在教室上课，讲到“天安门；五星红旗”的时候；老师声情并茂的讲解，并在课堂上教我们唱“我爱北京天安门，天安门上太阳升，伟大领袖毛主席指引我们向前进······”，我们奶声奶气的唱着，那时候，我天真的想，太阳一定是从天安门上升起的；在我幼小的心中，天安门---那是神秘而又神圣的地方。下课了，我从厕所回来，看见教室里的一个课桌上围了一大群的同学；好奇心使我也加入其中。原来是我班上的一个小女生手里拿着一张照片，同学们争先恐后的说，给我看看，给我看看···，小女生很神气的说，不给你们男生看；别撕扯坏了。我用眼睛瞟了一下照片，原来是她在天安门前照的相片；扎着两只小辫子，非常神气的站在天安门前。我这时候嘟囔了一句“：有什么了不起的，我长大了一定也在天安门前照张相。”从那时候起，这个愿望就好像在我7、8岁的心理埋下下了一个种子，慢慢的，蔓延在我的脑海里，直至生根发芽······· 如今的我已经去过无数次北京，不仅在天安门前照了相片，而且还登上天安门城楼上，记得那天，我特意站在天安门的正中央---毛主席向世界宣布“中华人民共和国、中央人民政府今天正式成立了'的地方，此时，我用手轻轻的抚摸着天安门城楼，心理百感交集···现在想想，呵呵，我是不是个“另类”？让人见笑呀，有点土鳖 再说说费用情况吧。老猫一个人轻车简从，对住宿要求不是太高，基本是在外面溜达，很晚才会驻地，所以扒个窝就睡，早上爬起来，简单洗漱一下就走；吃饭，基本吃当地的特色小吃，没有到大饭店大吃大喝（老猫也不喜欢大盘子大碗的造）所以费用不是很高。注：费用从离家开始算起至到家结束日期 明细 费用 备注 2月19日 从家到周水子机场乘坐14路、46路公交 2元（南京） 从周水子机场到南京禄口机场 深圳航空zh9678航班 420元 从禄口机场乘坐机场s1号线到三山街 7元 入住南京笨笨小驴窝（19、20日） 133元 夜游秦淮河游船票 80元 南京老字号----尹氏汤包 18元 合计：660元---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2月20日 从白鹭洲公园到南京大屠杀纪念馆乘坐63路公交 2元（南京） 从南京大屠杀尽管到下马坊站乘坐地铁2号线 2元 从中山陵到明孝陵乘坐电瓶车 10元 从明孝陵乘坐大巴车到苜蓿园地铁站 2元 从苜蓿园站乘坐地铁到三山街地铁站 2元 在三山街地铁站出口吃南京老卤干和老卤蛋 5元 蓝老大餐馆吃桂花糖芋苗、桂花糖粥藕、酒酿赤豆元宵 30元 蒋有记吃牛肉锅贴、牛肉馄饨 14元 沈记臭豆腐、南京兰花干 10元 司记豆腐脑、茴香豆 11元 从中华门到新街口乘坐16路公交 2元 从新街口到杨公井乘坐27路公交 2元 从杨公井到夫子庙乘坐公交 2元 合计：94元--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2月21日 从莫愁湖到鸡鸣寺乘坐48路公交 2元（南京） 鸡鸣寺门票 15元 鸡鸣寺上香 5元 在鸡鸣寺吃斋饭 20元 在中山北路乘坐16路公交汉江门车站 2元 阅江楼门票（网上订） 30元 南京长江大桥桥头堡门票 15元 南堡公园到南京站乘坐69路公交 2元 在南京站吃回味鸭血粉丝 15元 南京到扬州火车票 16元 合计：122元---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2月21日 从扬州站到琼花观乘坐88路公交 2元（扬州） 入住扬州环球旅馆 54元 在东关街吃 梅花糕 4元 蒋家桥饺面店吃扬州狮子头、吸管蟹黄包、虾仔饺面、大煮干丝 45.5元 合计：105.5元-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2月22日 扬州特色小吃--黄桥烧饼 19.5元（扬州） 从文昌中路珍园到瘦西湖 乘坐4路公交 2元 瘦西湖门票（网上订） 100元 大明寺门票 30元 在大明寺门口吃香什锦米糕 5元 大明寺到扬州西站乘坐旅游专线公交 2元 扬州到镇江汽车票 17元 合计：175.5元----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2月22日 从镇江站到西津渡口乘坐2路公交 1元（镇江） 在西津古渡百年老店吃状元饼 10元 在西津古渡口吃镇江特色---锅盖面 、肴肉 23元 从西津渡口道镇江站乘坐2路公交 1元 入住镇江舒悦旅馆 （网上订，近火车站） 29元 合计64元---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2月23日 从火车站到金山公园乘坐k216公交 2元（镇江） 从金山公园到北固山公园乘坐8路公交 1元 北固山公园到焦山公园乘坐D3公交 1元 焦山公园到金山公园乘坐104路公交 1元 北固山公园门票 30元 焦山公园门票（网上订、淡季） 45元 金山公园门票（网上订、淡季） 45元 北固山上香 5元 焦山定慧寺上香 5元 金山寺上香 2元 金山寺到西津渡口乘坐102路公交 1元 西津渡口到火车站乘坐2路公交 1元 在镇江站吃大娘水饺 22元 镇江到无锡火车票 33.5元 合计：194.5元---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2月23日 入住交通宾馆（23、24日近火车站） 130元（无锡） 报团无锡一日游 130元 夜游南禅寺小吃街、南长街打车 18元 酥饼 9元 合计：287元-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2月24日 早餐 8元（无锡） 武大郎炊饼 5元 从火车站到惠山古镇乘坐10路公交 2元 忆秦园惠山店吃太湖三白小馄饨、蟹粉小笼包 46元 惠山油酥饼 5元 从惠山古镇到南禅寺乘坐15路公交 2元 吃野乞丐饼 5元 南禅寺到火车站乘坐92路公交 2元 合计：75元----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2月25日 无锡到嘉善南站火车票 58元（西塘） 从嘉善南站到嘉善客运中心乘坐K702路公交 2元 从嘉善客运中心到西塘汽车站乘坐K216路公交 2元 入住西塘吾阿屋里客栈 100元 西塘小吃脆皮牛肉火烧 15元 管老太臭豆腐 10元 生煎饺 10元 芡实糕 、木锤酥糖 30元 老马粉蒸肉 8元 合计：235元---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2月26日 茴香豆 3元（西塘） 酒酿圆子 9元 嘉兴肉粽 7元 合计：19元--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2月26日 西塘到嘉善火车站乘坐K210路公交 2元（上海） 嘉善火车站到嘉善客运中心乘坐221公交 2元 嘉善汽车站到上海南站车票 33元 上海南站到打浦桥地铁站（1号线在徐家汇换乘9号线） 4元 在田子坊吃兰州拉面、兰州炒饭 20元 打浦桥地铁站到浦东机场地铁站（9号线在世纪大道换乘2号线） 7元 入住悦景99客栈（施湾店）（网上订） 74.5元 合计：142.5元---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2月27日 上海浦东机场到大连周水子机场9c8843航班 340元（大连） 周水子机场乘坐701、14路公交到家 2元 合计：342元--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 总计： 2516元【南京篇】（本次出行的所有拍摄照片为手机和卡片机拍摄，效果不是太好，见谅） 来一场说走就走的旅行；谈一场轰轰烈烈的爱情，是人生当中不可多得的美好经历；再不疯狂，我们就老了。当青春的岁月离我渐行渐远的时候，可以想象，年以垂暮的我，坐在家中翻看当年旅行照片的时候，会对年轻的时光没有遗憾了。2月19日（大年初一），简单的收拾了一下行李，在夹杂着稀稀拉拉的鞭炮声中，坐着公交车来到周水子机场。开始了我独自一人的旅行在自助取票机器上，我选了个靠窗的位置。很快就拿到登机牌原以为过年期间出行的人应该不算太多，没想到，人还是不少。看来象我一样不“安分”的人还不少呀很快过了安检，登机，准备出发准备，再次起飞！飞机很快就起飞了，通过飞机的舷窗，可以清晰的俯视整个大连的景色往日坐飞机都是穿云而过，看不到下面的陆地的；智能看见一眼望不到边的天空、千姿百态的云层。但是，这次的飞行确很神奇，从头到尾都能看见下面的大海、山川、河流、甚至是陆地上火柴盒大小的建筑。星海湾上的跨海大桥在苍茫的大海上，行驶的小船，拖起一束美丽的“白莲花”（感谢老天爷，天空万里无云）飞机上提供的午餐（下午2点多了，不知道是午餐还是晚餐）飞机马上就要降落了，不难看出，陆地上的湖泊、河流；还有生机盎然的绿意安全降落在南京禄口机场，南京，我来了。禄口机场南京禄口机场换乘地铁机场S1号线到三山街站下，（票价7元）。大约走500米距离就到夫子庙了（地铁3号线还没开通，有夫子庙站）南京地铁票(很有意思吧，呵呵） 南京的地铁还是很方便的地铁里没有几个人，也许是过年的原因吧([]
《 抖阴富二代69视频》所有内容均来自互联网或网友上传，沧州恒运管道装备制造有限公司小说网只为原作者的小说进行宣传。欢迎各位书友支持并收藏《 抖阴富二代69视频》最新章节。